Fig. 2.

a Sensor connected to the EmStat Blue potentiostat via three crocodile clamps attached to the connection pads. For planar setup, a sample droplet of 30 μL which covers all three electrodes was added. There is a wireless connection of the potentiostat via Bluetooth® to the software application installed on a smartphone. b Experimental setup for detection of glucose and lactate with amperometric measurements on a chicken leg to simulate human skin and to provide a biological substrate. A piece of filter paper is used as simulated sweat collection pad. Modeling clay protects the contacts from moisture due to the shortened strands. The sensor is in a fixed position, whereas the chicken substrate with the applied sample can be moved up and down. c Combined LIG sensor. Connection pads are protected with adhesive copper tape against abrasion through the crocodile clamps. The strands are isolated by nail polish. 150 μL to 200 μL of sample solution is suitable to cover the active electrode area. d Schematic view of the combined LIG biosensor on polyimide substrate connected to two potentiostats and a multimeter. 150 μL to 200 μL of mixed samples containing all potential analytes is applied and can be measured quasi simultaneously after calibration of the single sensors