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. 2021 Jan 14;11:1320. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80132-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The cortical neuron receptive fields with excitatory and inhibitory sub-regions on the skin. (A, B) Receptive fields of cortical neurons are located at different positions across the skin and neurons selectively respond to the orientation stimulus. Activation of excitation areas on the skin increases the cortical firing, on the other hand, activation of inhibitory areas leads to a decrease in the spontaneous firing. (C). The firing response of 160 orientation-sensitive neurons in area 3b to 10° and 40° indented edge stimuli. Each group of the ten neurons is sensitive to one orientation which location of their receptive fields on the skin is different. The green areas show the onset and end phases of indentation.