Table 2.
Value of constants used in model simulation.
| Constant | Value | Source/comment |
|---|---|---|
| Chilo partellus reference fractional parasitism rate* | 0.3 | Mailafiya et al.29,30 |
| Busseola fusca reference fractional parasitism rate* | 0.25 | Mailafiya et al.29,30 |
| Sesamia calamistis reference fractional parasitism rate* | 0.28 | Mailafiya et al. 29,30 |
| Spodoperta frugiperda reference fractional parasitism rate* | 0.22 | Sisay et al.28,32 |
| Chilo partellus reference fraction growth rate | 0.83 | Kroschel et al.58 |
| Busseola fusca reference fraction growth rate | 0.8 | Kroschel et al.58 |
| Sesamia calamistis reference fraction growth rate | 0.8 | Kroschel et al.58 |
| Spodoptera frugiperda reference fraction growth rate | 0.7 | Prasanna et al.59 |
| Reference fractional parasitism rate in wild habitat during non-cropping seasons | 0.05 | 5% was considered for each species |
| Carrying capacity of 1 ha of maize field | 62,500 | (0.4 × 0.8 m2) = 31250 plts/ha × 2/plt |
| Carrying capacity of 1 ha in non-cropping seasons | 625 | 10% |
| Maize cropping seasons of a year (April–June and October–December) | 3-month of 2 seasons | Sokame et al.60 |
| Non-cropping seasons periods of a year (January–March and July–September) | 3-month of 2 seasons | Sokame et al.60 |
| Number of parasitoids per host | 5 | Since there are gregarious and solitary parasitoids, the average is settled at 5 |
| Reference pest density | 2/0.5 | 2/plant in maize field and 0.5/plant in wild habitat and same for all pest species |
| Host-parasitoid meeting probability | 3.5% | Same for all pest species |
| Parasitoid fractional decrease rate | 0.7 | Same for all pest species |
| Parasitoid sex ratio | 0.46 | Obonyo (Pers. Obs.) |
| Time step | 0.25 month | Weekly recording data |
| Period of the simulation | 24 months | The time to get the stability of the model |
* The parasitism level of all parasitoids species on a given host were lumped together.