Table 3.
Linear dose–response meta-analysis on dairy product subgroups and risk of coronary heart disease, and NutriGrade meta-evidence grading.
| Dairy producta | Amount | Number of studies | Summary RRb | 95% CI | I2 (%) | NutriGrade grading grading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milk | Per 200 g | 5 | 1.02 | 1.00, 1.04c | 0 | Lowd |
| Low-fat milk | Per 200 g | 3 | 1.05 | 0.96, 1.13 | 24 | Low |
| High-fat milk | Per 200 g | 4 | 1.08 | 1.00, 1.16e | 0 | Moderatef |
| Yogurt | Per 100 g | 5 | 0.98 | 0.93, 1.03 | 42 | Low |
| Low-fat yogurt | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| High-fat yogurt | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cheese | Per 20 g | 6 | 0.96 | 0.93, 0.98 | 3 | Moderate |
| Low-fat cheese | Per 20 g | 2 | 1.24 | 0.76, 2.04 | 90 | Low |
| High-fat cheese | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Butter | Per 6 g | 3 | 1.00 | 0.99, 1.01 | 0 | Low |
CI confidence interval; RR risk ratio.
aYogurt defined as yogurt/other soured milk products.
bScoring for effects size was based on summary RR estimates from dose–response meta-analysis.
cP = 0.12.
dThere is low confidence in the effect estimate; further research will provide important evidence on the confidence and likely change the effect estimate.
eP = 0.04.
fThere is moderate confidence in the effect estimate, further research could add evidence on the confidence and may change the effect estimate.