Fig. 1.

Fabrication and characterization of DBM-MSN/152RM scaffolds. (A) Diagram showing the preparation process of DBM-152RM scaffolds, including layer-by-layer assembly with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). (B) Cross-sectional scanning electron micrographs showing the scaffolds of the pure DBM scaffold (left), the DBM-MSN scaffold (middle), and the DBM-MSN/152RM scaffold (right). Scale bar, 100 μm. (C) Mean pore size of scaffolds. (D) Silicon element analysis of the four different scaffolds by using SEM-EDX. (E) Summarized data showing the 152RM release ratio over time for the DBM-MSN/152RM scaffolds in vitro. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. ns p > 0.05, ANOVA was employed. For all panels in this figure, the data are representative of three independent experiments.