Table 2.

Seasonal changes in hypothalamic endocannabinoids and NAEs.

Seasonal hypothalamic fatty acid amides
Bioactive fatty acid amide	State	N	Mean (pmol/nmol std. error lipid P)		p value vs Torpor	p value vs Arousal	p value vs summer
14:0-NAE	Torpor	15	0.76	0.25	n/a	0.915	0.942
	Aroused	8	0.62	0.24	0.915	n/a	0.798
	Summer	8	0.88	0.17	0.942	0.798	n/a
16:1-NAE	Torpor	15	0.40	0.09	n/a	0.822	0.341
	Aroused	8	0.33	0.03	0.822	n/a	0.197
	Summer	8	0.58	0.11	0.341	0.197	n/a
PEA (16:0-NAE)	Torpor	15	9.99*	1.39	n/a	0.008	0.337
	Aroused	8	4.11	0.60	0.008	n/a	0.256
	Summer	8	7.41	0.90	0.337	0.256	n/a
Linoleoylethanolamide (18:2-NAE)	Torpor	15	1.23	1.10	n/a	0.775	0.994
	Aroused	8	0.28	0.14	0.775	n/a	0.770
		8	1.37	0.70		0.770	n/a
	Summer				0.994
OEA (18:1-NAE)	Torpor	15	8.33	1.40	n/a	0.856	0.031
	Aroused	8	7.32	0.67	0.856	n/a	0.023
	Summer	8	13.40*	1.22	0.031	0.023	n/a
Stearoylethanolamide (18:0-NAE)	Torpor	15	4.93	2.29	n/a	0.594	0.901
	Aroused				0.594
		8	2.16	0.57		n/a	0.882
		8	3.70	0.79		0.882	n/a
	Summer				0.901
AEA (20:4NAE)	Torpor	15	0.13	0.02	n/a	0.995	0.005
	Aroused	8	0.13	0.02	0.995	n/a	0.017
	Summer	8	0.22*	0.02	0.005	0.017	n/a
20:1-NAE	Torpor	15	0.24	0.04	n/a	0.604	0.538
	Aroused	8	0.18	0.03	0.604	n/a	0.193
	Summer	8	0.30	0.05	0.538	0.193	n/a
20:0-NAE	Torpor	15	0.43	0.08	n/a	0.459	0.739
	Aroused	8	0.31	0.05	0.459	n/a	0.914
	Summer	8	0.36	0.05	0.739	0.914	n/a
Synaptamide (22:6-NAE)	Torpor	15	0.04	0.01	n/a	0.939	0.001
	Aroused	8	0.04	0.01	0.939	n/a	0.002
	Summer	8	0.09*	0.01	0.001	0.002	n/a
22:1-NAE	Torpor	15	0.12	0.01	n/a	0.104	0.425
	Aroused	8	0.08	0.02	0.104	n/a	0.740
	Summer	8	0.10	0.01	0.425	0.740	n/a
22:0-NAE	Torpor	15	0.37	0.10	n/a	0.444	0.231
	Aroused	8	0.55*	0.15	0.444	n/a	0.043
	Summer	8	0.12	0.04	0.231	0.043	n/a
24:0-NAE	Torpor	15	0.13	0.02	n/a	0.975	0.836
	Aroused	8	0.14	0.05	0.975	n/a	0.947
	Summer	8	0.15	0.04	0.836	0.947	n/a
2-AG	Torpor	15	543.74*	72.54	n/a	0.037	0.468
	Aroused	8	307.48	30.08	0.037	n/a	0.440
	Summer	8	435.75	27.65	0.468	0.440	n/a

Synaptamide, AEA and OAE decrease during the hibernation season (torpor and arousal vs. summer) (post hoc Tukey following ANOVA, p < 0.05, n = 8–15). PEA and 2-AG are both higher in torpor than arousal (post hoc Tukey following ANOVA, p < 0.05, n = 8–15). SRC summer measurements were compared to torpor and IBA. Torpor and IBA measurements combined Balanced Diet and Standard Rodent Chow.