Table 1.
Demographic, clinical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants and term infants.
| Variables | Preterm (n = 64) | Term (n = 33) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perinatal characteristics | |||
| Caesarean section | 54/64 (84.4) | 9/33 (27.2) | 0.001 |
| Antenatal corticosteroids | 29/64 (45.3) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Preeclampsia | 8/64 (12.5) | 0 | 0.102 |
| GDM | 5/64 (7.8) | 2 (6.1) | 0.669 |
| Histologic chorioamnionitis | 30/64 (51.5) | - | NA |
| Infant characteristics | |||
| Gestational age, wk | 30.08 ± 3.94 | 38.39 ± 1.22 | < 0.001 |
| Birth weight, g | 1423.61 ± 588.44 | 3202.63 ± 326.40 | < 0.001 |
| Male sex | 13/64 (39.4) | 8/33 (34.8) | 0.785 |
| Apgar 1 min | 4.02 ± 1.69 | 6.73 ± 2.12 | < 0.001 |
| Apgar 5 min | 6.58 ± 1.31 | 8.40 ± 1.35 | < 0.001 |
| PDA | 30/64 (46.9) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| IVH, grade 1 | 11/64 (17.2) | 1 (3.0) | 0.054 |
| Culture-proven sepsis | 8/64 (12.5) | 0 | 0.102 |
| NEC (requiring surgery) | 3/64 (4.7) | 0 | 0.315 |
| ROP (requiring surgery) | 6/64 (9.4) | 0 | 0.092 |
| Days on mechanical ventilator | 14.26 ± 20.79 | 3.23 ± 1.25 | 0.985 |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 29/64 (45.3) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Age at MRI scan, wk | 37.30 ± 1.33 | 38.61 ± 0.86 | 0.171 |
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Maternal age, years | 33.38 ± 4.420 | 33.35 ± 4.33 | 0.982 |
| Maternal smoker | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Maternal education | 0.379 | ||
| Less than high school | 14 (21.9) | 5 (15.2) | |
| High school graduate | 49 (76.6) | 26 (78.8) | |
| College/university graduate | 1 (1.6) | 2 (6.1) | |
| Neurodevelopmental follow-up at 18 mo of age | |||
| Cognitive composite score, mean (SD) | 95.47 ± 14.47 (57/64) | 102.38 ± 8.74 (21/33) | 0.013 |
| Infants with scores < 85, n (%) | 10/57 (17.5) | 0 (0) | 0.056 |
| Language composite score, mean (SD) | 89.21 ± 15.42 (57/64) | 93.95 ± 6.68 (21/33) | 0.063 |
| Infants with scores < 85, n (%) | 24/57 (42.1) | 2 (10) | 0.012 |
| Motor composite score, mean (SD) | 95.38 ± 16.41 (57/64) | 105.04 ± 11.03 (21/33) | 0.015 |
| Infants with scores < 85, n (%) | 11/57 (19.3) | 0 (0) | 0.057 |
| S–E composite score, mean (SD) | 97.28 ± 17.39 (57/64) | 108.57 ± 11.95 (21/33) | 0.008 |
| Infants with scores < 85, n (%) | 13/57 (22.8) | 0 (0) | 0.017 |
Data are presented as the mean ± SD or number (%).
GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, PDA patent ductus arteriosus, IVH intraventricular, NEC necrotizing enterocolitis, ROP retinopathy of prematurity, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, S–E social–emotional.