Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to asthma status.
| Characteristics | No asthma (%) N = 32,221 |
Former asthma (%) N = 1896 |
Current asthma (%) N = 2898 |
Overall (%) N = 37,015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| 20–65 | 24,603 (83.9) | 1623 (90.5) | 2283 (85.7) | 28,509 (84.43) |
| 66– | 7618 (16.1) | 273 (9.5) | 615 (14.3) | 8506 (15.57) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 15,888 (49.2) | 928 (48) | 1049 (36.2) | 17,865 (48.09) |
| Female | 16,333 (50.8) | 968 (52) | 1849 (63.8) | 19,150 (51.91) |
| Race | ||||
| Mexican American | 5831 (8.7) | 210 (5.5) | 258 (4.1) | 6299 (8.16) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 14,910 (68.8) | 931 (70.1) | 1498 (72.3) | 17,339 (69.14) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 6612 (11.1) | 448 (12.4) | 719 (13.3) | 7779 (11.39) |
| Others | 4868 (11.4) | 307 (12) | 423 (10.3) | 5598 (11.32) |
| Education level | ||||
| < High school diploma | 9015 (18.2) | 381 (14.2) | 778 (18) | 10,174 (17.99) |
| High school graduate | 7557 (24) | 411 (21.2) | 655 (22.7) | 8623 (23.75) |
| > High school graduate | 15,601 (57.6) | 1104 (64.7) | 1460 (59.2) | 18,165 (58.16) |
| Missing | 48 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 5 (0.1) | 53 (0.1) |
| Income | ||||
| < 1.30 | 9039 (19.6) | 578 (21.4) | 1063 (27) | 10,680 (20.27) |
| 1.30–3.49 | 11,286 (33.9) | 629 (33.1) | 904 (31) | 12,819 (33.59) |
| ≥ 3.50 | 11,896 (46.6) | 689 (45.5) | 931 (42) | 13,516 (46.14) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| < 25 | 9790 (31.4) | 559 (25.2) | 666 (31.4) | 11,015 (0) |
| 25–30 | 10,939 (33.7) | 601 (31.7) | 782 (27.7) | 12,322 (33.11) |
| > 30 | 10,744 (32.6) | 700 (35.8) | 1402 (45.5) | 12,846 (33.77) |
| Missing | 748 (1.8) | 36 (1.1) | 48 (1.6) | 832 (1.73) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smokers | 17,496 (53.8) | 975 (50.9) | 1366 (48.8) | 19,837 (53.27) |
| Former smokers | 7939 (24.3) | 449 (24.1) | 770 (25.2) | 9158 (24.34) |
| Current smokers | 6758 (21.8) | 472 (25) | 761 (26) | 7991 (22.34) |
| Missing | 28 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 29 (0.044) |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 28,451 (91.4) | 1704 (93.1) | 2387 (87.1) | 32,542 (91.17) |
| Yes | 3747 (8.5) | 192 (6.9) | 510 (12.8) | 4449 (8.78) |
| Missing | 23 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 24 (0.047) |
| CHD | ||||
| No | 30,794 (96.6) | 1820 (97) | 2705 (94.4) | 35,319 (96.4) |
| Yes | 1291 (3.2) | 67 (2.8) | 176 (5.4) | 1534 (3.31) |
| Missing | 136 (0.3) | 9 (0.3) | 17 (0.3) | 162 (0.29) |
| Stroke | ||||
| No | 31,017 (97.4) | 1837 (97.6) | 2714 (94.7) | 35,568 (97.16) |
| Yes | 1158 (2.5) | 57 (2.3) | 182 (5.3) | 1397 (2.74) |
| Missing | 46 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 50 (0.093) |
| Cancer | ||||
| No | 29,273 (90.9) | 1729 (90.8) | 2533 (87.2) | 33,535 (90.61) |
| Yes | 2914 (9) | 166 (9) | 359 (12.5) | 3439 (9.28) |
| Missing | 34 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 6 (0.4) | 41 (0.11) |
| Arthritis | ||||
| No | 24,092 (77) | 1425 (77) | 1655 (61.3) | 27,172 (75.73) |
| Yes | 8065 (22.9) | 468 (22.9) | 1236 (38.5) | 9769 (24.11) |
| Missing | 64 (0.2) | 3 (0.1) | 7 (0.2) | 74 (0.16) |
BMI body mass index, CHD coronary heart disease.