Table 1.

Mosquito-borne arboviruses that cause disease in humans

Arbovirus	Main vector(s)a	Main reservoir(s)	Endemic region(s)
Dengue virus	Aedes	Primates, humans	Africa, Asia, South America, Pacific
West Nile virus	Culex	Birds	Europe, North America, Africa, Asia
Yellow fever virus	Aedes	Primates, humans	Africa, South America
Japanese encephalitis virus	Culex	Birds, pigs	Asia
St. Louis encephalitis virus	Culex	Birds	Americas
Chikungunya virus	Aedes	Primates, bats, rodents	Africa, Asia
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus	Culex, Aedes	Rodents	Americas
Ross River virus	Culex, Aedes	Mosquitoes	Australia, New Zealand
Eastern equine encephalitis virus	Culex, Aedes	Birds, rodents	Americas
Western equine encephalitis virus	Culex	Birds	Americas
O’nyong-nyong virus	Anopheles	Mosquitoesb	East Africa
Rift Valley fever virus	Culex, Aedes	Sheep, cattle	Africa, Asia
Murray Valley encephalitis virus	Culex	Birds	Australia, New Guinea
Orungo virus	Anopheles, Aedes	Mosquitoesb	Africa
La Crosse encephalitis virus	Aedes	Squirrels, chipmunks	North America
Sindbis virus	Culex	Birds	Europe, Africa, Asia
Vesicular stomatitis virus	Widespreadc	Widespreadc	Americas

^aOnly the genus of each main vector is listed.

^bOther reservoirs may exist.

^cMore than three vectors or reservoirs have been identified.