Table 3.
Results of objective cognitive tests.
| Controls (n = 45) | FM (n = 43) | P | Effect size | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMSE | 29.4 | ± 0.8 | 28.9 | ± 1.1 | 0.009 | 0.522 |
| Memory | ||||||
| CVVLT−TC | 30.5 | ± 2.8 | 29.3 | ± 3.0 | 0.058 | 0.414 |
| CVVLT−10 M | 8.3 | ± 1.1 | 7.8 | ± 1.5 | 0.039 | 0.381 |
| WMS−LM (I) | 14.8 | ± 3.8 | 13.1 | ± 4.4 | 0.095 | 0.414 |
| WMS−LM (II) | 13.6 | ± 4.4 | 11.4 | ± 4.4 | 0.021 | 0.500 |
| TY−CFT (delayed recall) | 25.5 | ± 6.1 | 22.8 | ± 6.5 | 0.031 | 0.429 |
| Visuospatial | ||||||
| TY−CFT (copy) | 33.8 | ± 2.0 | 33.2 | ± 1.9 | 0.081 | 0.307 |
| Language | ||||||
| BNT | 29.4 | ± 1.0 | 28.8 | ± 0.9 | < 0.001 | 0.630 |
| VFT | 21.4 | ± 4.8 | 18.9 | ± 5.4 | 0.011 | 0.490 |
| Executive | ||||||
| Digit span forward | 8.7 | ± 0.6 | 8.6 | ± 0.6 | 0.796 | 0.167 |
| Digit span backward | 5.8 | ± 1.3 | 5.4 | ± 1.3 | 0.155 | 0.308 |
| TMT−A (sec) | 9.6 | ± 4.9 | 11.0 | ± 5.8 | 0.262 | 0.261 |
| TMT−B (sec) | 23.0 | ± 8.8 | 28.8 | ± 15.3 | 0.093 | 0.467 |
| WCST−TC | 45.6 | ± 9.8 | 38.8 | ± 11.5 | 0.003 | 0.638 |
| WCST−PR | 9.3 | ± 6.5 | 12.9 | ± 7.2 | 0.004 | 0.525 |
| WCST−CC | 3.2 | ± 1.4 | 2.4 | ± 1.5 | 0.013 | 0.552 |
All data are raw score (mean ± SD). Effect sizes are expressed as Cohen's d.
FM fibromyalgia, MMSE Mini–Mental State Examination, CVVLT–TC Chinese Version Verbal Learning Test, total correct. CVVLT–10 M Chinese Version Verbal Learning Test, 10 min recall, WMS–LM (I or II) Wechsler Memory Scale—logic memory test, part I or II, TY–CFT Taylor Complex Figure Test, BNT the modified 30-item Boston Naming Test, VFT Categorical Verbal Fluency Test, TMT a modification of the Trail-Making Test, WCST−TC Wisconsin Card Sorting Test—total number correct, WCST−PR Wisconsin Card Sorting Test—perseverative response. WCST−CC Wisconsin card sorting test—categories completed.