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. 2021 Jan 14;11:1335. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79145-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Differential M1 and M2 macrophage de novo NF-κB and IRF3 induction and cytokine production in response to LPS species. PMA differentiated THP-1 monocytes (Resting M0-Macrophages) were stimulated for 24hrs with either (50 ng/ml) recombinant human IFNγ (M1 polarization) or 25 ng/ml each of recombinant human IL-4 and IL-13 (M2). Macrophages were challenged with 1 ng/ml LPS in complete media for up to 24 h after which supernatants were collected for (Ai–v) multiplex cytokine (Il-1B, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, TNFα), (vi) representative MTT viability assay experiment. Data is expressed as the mean ± SEM of 3 independent differentiations of THP-1 derived macrophages of passages 5–8. Mean ± SD is displayed for MTT. Statistical analysis performed on qPCR data was a multiple unpaired students t-tests comparing stimulated to control, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.