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. 2021 Jan 14;11:1419. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80777-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Speleothem records (bottom) from Villars cave³ and Ejulve cave (ANDROMEDA speleothem; 4) show substantial millennial scale climate variability in both MIS 4 and MIS 3. Given the age ranges (top)²⁷ and the warm temperatures of site occupation obtained for La Ferrassie Layer 2 suggest that site activity in MIS 4/late 5a may be attributed to one or several MIS 4 ephemeral warm phases. La Ferrassie Layer 5 likely falls into a warm episode in MIS 3 possibly around Greenland Interstadial 12 (but note an age inversion in the ¹⁴C dates of Layer 5 and Layer 4 as discussed in Supplementary Text 1).