Table 2.

AURKA downstream substrates

Substrates	Phosphorylation sites	Experimental methods	Functional significance	Ref
YBX1	T62, S102	Consensus motif, in vitro kinase assay, autoradiography	Increases YBX1 protein stability, regulate EMT, CSC and chemoresistance.	[17]
LDHB	S162	In vitro kinase assay, MS analysis, point mutation, anti-phosphoserine	Promotes glycolysis and biosynthesis; Promotes tumor growth.	[45]
Merlin	S518	In vitro kinase assay, specifc antibody	Weakens merlin interaction with tubulin.	[46]
RPS6KB1	T389	P-RPS6KB1 (T389) specifc antibody	Reduces survival of KRAS-mutant gastrointestinal cancer cells	[47]
CENP-A	S7	In vitro kinase assay, truncation mutants, autoradiography	Regulates mitosis especially kinetochore function.	[48]
LKB1	S299	In vitro kinase assay, MS analysis, point mutation, autoradiography	Impairs LKB1 interaction with and phosphorylation of AMPK.	[49]
KCTD12	S243	Point mutation, IP, anti-phosphoserine	Promotion of cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.	[26]
CHIP	S273	Point mutation, in vitro kinase assay, autoradiography	Promotes AR degradation via the proteasome pathway.	[50]
ALDH1A1	T267, T442, T493	Consensus motif, point mutation, in vitro kinase assay, autoradiography	Regulates protein stability, EMT and CSC phenotypes.	[16]
Twist	S123, T148, S184	Consensus motif, point mutation, in vitro kinase assay, autoradiography	Regulates protein stability, subcellular localization, EMT, the CSC phenotype and drug resistance.	[15]
YAP	S397	In vitro kinase assay, truncation mutants, MS, consensus motif	Enhances transforming ability.	[51]
TACC3	S558	MS, point mutation, in vitro kinase assay, autoradiography	Regulates TACC3 localization to centrosomes and proximal mitotic spindles.	[52]
HDM2	S166	In vitro kinase assay, specifc antibody	NA	[53]
β-catenin	S552, S675	In vitro kinase assay, truncation mutants, autoradiography	Increases its stability and transcriptional activity	[54]
ERα	S167, S305	In vitro kinase assay, truncation mutants, autoradiography	Leading to increase in ERα DNA-binding and transcriptional activity.	[55]
BimEL	S93/94/98	Consensus motif, in vitro kinase assay, specifc antibody	NA	[56]
GSK-3β	S9	In vitro kinase assay, specifc antibody	Leading to accumulation and activation of the β-catenin/TCF complex.	[57]
PLK1	T210	In vitro kinase assay, specifc antibody	Centrosomal organization.	[58]
IκBα	S32, S36	Specifc antibody	NFκB activation.	[59]
VHL	S72	In vitro kinase assay, MS, autoradiography	NA	[60]
PHLDA1	S98	In vitro kinase assay, consensus motif, autoradiography	Negatively regulates PHLDA1 by promoting PHLDA1 degradation.	[40]
Histone H3	S10	In vitro kinase assay, autoradiography	Involved in the initiation of mitosis.	[61]
YY1	S365	In vitro kinase assay, truncation mutants, consensus motif, autoradiography	Abolishes its DNA binding activity and transcriptional activity.	[62]
SDCBP	S131, T200	In vitro kinase assay, consensus motif, autoradiography, anti-phospho-serine/threonine	Stabilizes SDCBP protein and regulates its oncogenic function.	[63]
SOX2	S220, S251	In vitro kinase assay, MS	Maintains the ratio of stem-cell like cells.	[64]
CPAP	S467	In vitro kinase assay, truncation mutants, MS, autoradiography	Is required for the integrity of the spindle pole during mitosis.	[65]
RalA	S194	In vitro kinase assay, consensus motif, autoradiography	Enhances cell migration and anchorage-independent growth.	[66]
CDC25B	S353	MS, in vitro kinase assay, specifc antibody	Control of the onset of mitosis.	[67]
NDEL1	S251	MS, in vitro kinase assay, autoradiography	Centrosomal maturation, separation, and TACC3 recruitment.	[68]
ASAP	S625	MS, in vitro kinase assay, autoradiography	Bipolar spindle assembly.	[69]
MBD3	S24	In vitro kinase assay, autoradiography, consensus motif	NA	[70]
RASSF1A	T202, S203	Consensus motif, in vitro kinase assay, autoradiography	Induces M-phase cell cycle arrest.	[71]
P53	S215, S315 S106	Consensus motif, in vitro kinase assay, autoradiography	S215: Abrogates DNA binding and transactivation activity; S315: Inactivates p53 by enhancing its proteolytic degradation. S106: Inhibit the interaction of p53 with MDM2 and prolong the half-life of p53.	[72] [73] [74]
HURP	S627, S725, S757, S830	In vitro kinase assay,autoradiography, MS	Regulates HURP stability and exhibits serum-independent growth.	[75]
PP1	NA	In vitro kinase assay,autoradiography	Inhibits PP1 activity at mitosis.	[43]
P73	S235	Consensus motif, in vitro kinase assay, autoradiography	Abrogates its transactivation function; Regulates subcellular localization.	[76]
TPX2	S121, S125	Consensus motif, in vitro kinase assay, autoradiography	Maintains metaphase spindle length by regulating the microtubules flux.	[77]
Lats2	S83	In vitro kinase assay, truncation mutants, autoradiography	Regulates centrosomal localization.	[78]
LIMK2	S283, T494, T505	Consensus motif, in vitro kinase assay, autoradiography	Inhibits LIMK2 degradation and increases LIMK2 kinase activity.	[14]

Y-box binding protein-1 (YBX1); Lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB); Ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 (RPS6KB1); Centromeric protein A (CENP-A); Liver kinase B1 (LKB1); Potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 12 (KCTD12); C-terminus of HSP70-interacting protein (CHIP); Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1); Yes-associated protein (YAP); Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β);Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1); Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1(PHLDA1); Yin Yang 1 (YY1); Syndecan binding protein (SDCBP); Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-Box 2 (SOX2); Centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP); Ral small GTPase (RalA); Neurodevelopment protein 1-like 1 (NDEL1); ASter-Associated Protein (ASAP); RAS-association domain family 1, isoform A (RASSF1A); Hepatoma upregulated protein (HURP); Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1); Large tumor suppressor 2 (Lats2); LIM-domain kinase-2 (LIMK2); Mass spectrometry (MS); NA: not available