Table 1.
Synthesis of the main results of epidemiological studies on cataract in IR exposed healthcare workers included in this review
| Author, year | Exposed subjects (n.) | Esposure evalaution | Not exposed group | Other risk factors considered | Eye examination using slit lamp in mydriasis | Cataract evaluation method | Lens opacities risk | Type of cataract | Dose-relation |
| Radiologists and radiologic technologists | |||||||||
| Chodick, 2008 | 35705 | Indirect quantitative | - | + | _ | Questionnaire | Increased (not significant) | / | + |
| Bernier, 2017 | 42545 | Indirect quantitative | + (***) | + | - | Questionnaire | Increased | / | + |
| Little, 2018 | 67.247 | Indirect quantitative | - | + | - | Questionnaire | Increased | / | + |
| Velazquez-Kronen, 2019 | 35.751 | Qualitative | - | + | - | Questionnaire | Increased | / | + |
| Little, 2020 | 63.352 | Indirect quantitative | - | + | - | Questionnaire | Increased | / | + |
| Interventional cardiology staff | |||||||||
| Vano, 2010 | 116 | Indirect quantitative | + | +/- | + | Modified Merriam-Focht scoring system | Increased | PSC | + |
| Ciraj-Bjelac, 2010 | 67 | Indirect quantitative | + | - | + | Modified Merriam-Focht scoring system | Increased | PSC | + |
| Yuan, 2010 | 892 | Qualitative | + | - | - | Registry based | Increased (not significant) | / | / |
| Ciraj-Bjelac, 2012 | 52 | Qualitative | + | - | + | Modified Merriam-Focht scoring system | Increased | PSC, C and N | + |
| Jacob, 2013 | 106 | Qualitative | + | + | + | LOCS III | Increased | PSC, C and N | -* |
| Vano, 2013 | 127 | Indirect quantitative | + | +/- | + | Modified Merriam-Focht scoring system | Increased | PSC, C and N | + |
| Auvinen, 2015 | 21 | Direct quantitative | + | + | + | LOCS II | Increased (not significant) | PSC, C and N | - |
| Bitarafan Rajabi, 2015 | 81 | Qualitative/ Indirect quantitative** | + | + | + | LOCS III | Increased | PSC, C and N | + |
| Matsubara, 2017 | 48 | Qualitative/ Indirect quantitative ** | + | + | + | Modified Merriam-Focht scoring system | Increased | PSC | + |
| Barbosa, 2018 | 112 | Qualitative | + | + | + | LOCS III | Increased | PSC, C and N | / |
| Domienik Andrzejewska, 2019 | 69 | Indirect quantitative | + | + | + | LOCS III | Increased (not significant) | PSC, C and N | + |
| Other IR exposed health worker (including also mixed groups, with some participants from the radiology and interventional cardiology units) | |||||||||
| Milacic, 2009 | 115 | Direct quantitative | + | + | + | Retro-illumination method and biomicroscope | Increased | PSC, C and N | +/- |
| Mrena, 2011 | 57 | Indirect quantitative | - | + | + | LOCS II | Increased (not significant) | PSC, C and N | + |
| Negrone, 2016 | 148 | Qualitative** | - | - | - | Questionnaire | Increased | / | + |
| Coppeta, 2018 | 73 | Direct quantitative | - | + | + | LOCS III | Increased | PSC, C and N | + |
| Scheidemann-Wesp, 2019 | 42 | Qualitative | + | + | + | LOCS III | Increased (not significant) | PSC, C and N | + |
Legend: PSC: posterior subcapsular, C: cortical, N: nuclear; *: a clear relationship with workload not observed, but a lower risk in regular users of protective glasses pointed out; **: also data on ocular dose collected, but not used for cataract risk estimates; ***: controls = radiology technologists not engaged in nuclear medicine