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. 2020 Mar 26;117(1):60–73. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa070

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Examples of inflammatory pathways within endothelial cells during sepsis (TLR4 and TNF-α). LPS and cytokines trigger intracellular pathways that ultimately lead to the activation of number of transcription factors (NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3), resulting in increased cytokine production and adhesion molecule expression. These pathways also likely contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production (see text for details).