Table 1.
Trials testing the effect of the DASH diet in people with diabetes
| Study | Design | Type of intervention | Comparison | N | Age (yrs) | Males (%) | Race | Population | Study Dur (wks) | BP Δ in DASH group | BP Δ in control group | Between-group difference in BP Δ | Contrast in 24-hour urine sodium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azadbakht, 2011 (37) | Crossover study | Behavioral | DASH vs. control‡ | 31 | NR | 42 | NR | Type 2 diabetes | 8 | SBP: −13.6± 3.5 mmHg DBP: −9.5± 2.6 mmHg |
SBP: −3.1±2.7 mmHg DBP: −0.7±3.3 mmHg |
†Between-group diff in SBP −10.5mmHg, p=0.02 †Between-group diff in DBP −8.8mmHg, p=0.04 |
NR |
| Hashemi, 2019 (39) | Parallel study | Behavioral | DASH vs. control§ | 80 | NR | 37–40 | NR | Type 2 diabetes, not on insulin, prehypertension, not on BP meds | 12 | Males: SBP −10.3±9.6 mmHg, DBP −5.2± 9.9 mmHg Females: SBP −6.4± 17.0mmHg, DBP −1.7± 12.1mmHg P=0.003 for within-group change |
Males: SBP −7.3±16.7 mmHg, DBP −8.6± 14.7mmHg Females: SBP 0.6±16.2 mmHg, SBP 1.5±9.9mmHg P=0.338 for within-group change |
†Between-group diff in SBP −3.0mmHg for males and −7.0 mmHg for females, p=0.686, †Between-group diff in DBP 3.4 mmHg for males and −3.2 mmHg for females, p=0.892 |
|
| Paula, 2015 (38) | Parallel study | Behavioral | DASH vs. control* | 40 | 61.8–62.5 | 45 | White: 80–90% | Type 2 diabetes, uncontrolled BP, BMI≤40 | 4 | All ABPM reductions were sign Office SBP: −17.6 mmHg (−44.0 to 14.0), p<0.001 Office DBP: −3.9 mmHg (−14.0 to 7.0), p=0.045 |
Only 24-hr diastolic and nighttime, systolic and diastolic, ABPM reductions were sign Office SBP: −6.3 mmHg (−54.0 to 24.0), p=0.246 Office DBP: −0.9 mmHg (−21.0 to 11.0), p=0.589 |
†Between-group diff in ABPM SBP: −11.0mmHg, p<0.001 †Between-group diff in ABPM DBP: −5.0mmHg, p=0.013 †Between-group diff in office SBP: −11.3mmHg p=0.021 †Between-group diff in office DBP: −3.0mmHg, p=0.013 |
Sign reduction in UNa in DASH group (p<0.001) but not control group (p=0.400) Between-group diff NR, p=0.017 |
Abbreviations: ABPM, Ambulatory blood pressure measurement; BMI, Body Mass Index; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; NR, not reported; sign, significant; SBP, systolic blood pressure; UNa, urine sodium
*
Control group received dietary recommendations according to American Diabetes Association
†
Calculated between-group difference
‡
Control diet included macronutrient composition of 50–60% carbohydrates, 15–20% protein, <30% total fat, and <5% caloric intake from simple sugars
§
Control diet included diabetic dietary pattern according to the American Diabetes Association recommendations