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. 2021 Jan 11;5(3-4):115–125. doi: 10.1515/iss-2019-0001

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© 2020 Houminji Chen et al., published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Figure 1: — Immune cells and immunoregulatory factors in glioma TME.

(A) Immune cells include glioma-associated microglia and macrophages (GAMs), T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDCs), natural killer (NK), CD4/CD8 T cells. (B) Immunoregulatory factors include hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/scatter factor (SF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCPs), CCL/CCR families, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), interleukin-6/ interleukin-8 (IL-6/IL-8), glycoprotein A repetition predominant (GARP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) or its ligand (PD-L1), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), macrophage and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (M-CSF, GM-CSF), epidermal growth factor (EGF)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).