Table 1.

Reviews on the cognitive and psychological burdens of AS

Study	Design	Results
van den Bergh et al. [12], 2012	non-randomized studies	no significant anxiety or distress prevalence
Bellardita et al. [10], 2015	six cross-sectional studies and 4 cohorts	no significant anxiety or distress prevalence
Carter et al. [11], 2015	review of 34 articles: 24 observational, 8 RCTs, and 2 interventional studies	no significant anxiety or distress prevalence
Dickey et al. [13], 2019	review of 11 articles: 8 quantitative non-RCT studies, 1 with mixed methods, 1 quantitative cross-sectional questionnaire survey, and 1 systematic review	no significant anxiety or distress prevalence
Kazer et al. [14], 2013	review of 14 non-randomized studies	underestimated anxiety and uncertainty prevalence in the literature
Ruane-McAteer et al. [15], 2017	review of 23 articles: 20 quantitative and 3 qualitative	no significant anxiety or distress prevalence in the literature; however, caution because of the low quality of the research
Rittenmeyer et al. [16], 2016	review of 16 selected studies	no clear prevalence of uncertainty and anxiety

RCT = Randomized controlled trial.