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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 28.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Funct Mater. 2020 Mar 4;30(44):1909089. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201909089

Table 2.

Applications of functionally graded materials.

Application Composition Gradient Type Reference
Angiogenesis

  • 6-bromo-7-hydroxy coumarin

  • VEGF

  • Biochemical

 [22]
Cartilage

  • Poly(ε-caprolactone)

  • Chondroitin sulfate

  • Bioactive glass

  • Mineralization

  • Adhesive

 [41]
Cartilage

  • Poly(ε-caprolactone)

  • Chitosan

  • Collagen

  • Porosity

  • Biochemical

 [42]
Dural

  • Poly(ε-caprolactone)

  • Collagen

  • Polylactic acid

  • Stiffness

  • Biochemical

 [43]
Neural growth

  • Poly(ε-caprolactone)

  • IKVAV peptide

  • Biochemical

 [37]
Osteochondral

  • Hydroxyapatite

  • Poly(ε-caprolactone)

  • Mineralization

  • Porosity

 [44]
Osteochondral

  • Alginate

  • Methylcellulose

  • Porosity

 [45]
Osteochondral

  • β-tricalcium phosphate

  • TGF-β1

  • Poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide)

  • Stiffness

  • Biochemical

 [46]
Osteochondral

  • Silk fibroin

  • Silk-CaP

  • Mineralization

 [47]
Tendon-to-bone

  • Poly(lactic co-glycolic acid)

  • Simulated body fluid

  • Stiffness

  • Mineralization

 [48]
Tendon-to-bone

  • Collagen

  • Glycosaminoglycans

  • Alignment

  • Biochemical

 [49]