Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients with paraquat poisoning who received conservative and liberal oxygen therapy (N = 416).

	Conservative oxygen therapy n = 334	Liberal oxygen therapy n = 82	p-value
Age	51 ± 17.1	55 ± 18.3	0.050
Male sex	244 (73.1)	51 (62.2)	0.052
Current smoker	200 (59.9)	70 (85.4)	<0.001
Chronic lower respiratory diseases	2 (0.6)	4 (4.9)	0.015
Malignant neoplasms of lung	0 (0.0)	1 (1.2)	0.197
Body temperature during triage (°C)	36.1 (35.6–36.7)	36.0 (35.3–36.6)	0.181
Heart rate during triage	92 (79–106.5)	92.5 (78–107)	0.948
Respiratory rate during triage	20 (18–20)	20 (18–22)	0.359
Mean arterial pressure during triage	103.3 (89.7–118.0)	105.8 (93.3–121.0)	0.390
SpO2 during triage (%)	98 (95–100)	98 (95–100)	0.351
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)	15 (13–15)	15 (11–15)	0.624
Urine paraquat concentration (ppm)	50 (50–50)	50 (50–50)	0.462
Blood paraquat concentration (ppm)	8.5 (1.5–10)	8.6 (1.1–10)	0.950
Blood creatinine level (mg/dL)	1.8 (1.1–2.8)	1.7 (1.3–3.6)	0.252
Cyclophosphamide treatment	159 (47.6)	37 (45.1)	0.687
Hemoperfusion	236 (70.7)	58 (70.7)	0.990
Intubation	42 (12.6)	23 (28)	0.001
Signed Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)	172 (51.5)	49 (59.8)	0.179
Mortality
3-day mortality	191 (57.2)	46 (56.1)	0.858
7-day mortality	217 (65)	59 (72)	0.231
28-day mortality	239 (71.6)	69 (84.1)	0.020
Overall mortality	246 (73.7)	72 (87.8)	0.007

Data are presented as number (percentage), mean ± SD, or median (Q1-Q3).

Abbreviations: SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation.