Table 4. Logistic regression showing predictors of multimorbidity (≥2 co-morbidities including CKD).
| Covariate | N | MM | Univariable analysis, OR and 95% CI | P-value | Multivariable analysis, OR and 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (per 1 year) | 861 | 635 | 1.048 (1.024 to 1.073) | <0.0001 | 1.068 (1.039 to 1.097) | <0.0001 |
| Women | 468 | 338 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Men | 393 | 298 | 1.206 (0.888 to 1.640) | 0.231 | 0.675 (0.422 to 1.079) | 0.100 |
| BMI (per 1 kg/m2) | 1.142 (1.101 to 1.184) | <0.0001 | 1.148 (1.099 to 1.199) | <0.0001 | ||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| • Never smoker | 467 | 329 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| • Former smoker | 356 | 278 | 1.352 (0.623 to 2.930) | 0.445 | 1.646 (0.706 to 3.839) | 0.249 |
| • Current smoker | 38 | 29 | 1.495 (1.086 to 2.059) | 0.014 | 1.331 (0.936 to 1.893) | 0.111 |
| Alcohol dose (per 1 g/day) | 1.003 (0.988 to 1.019) | 0.680 | 1.010 (0.991 to 1.029) | 0.307 | ||
| Secondary education | 657 | 494 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Higher education | 204 | 142 | 0.756 (0.534 to 1.069) | 0.114 | 1.044 (0.708 to 1.539) | 0.828 |
| Systolic blood pressure (per 1 mmHg) | 1.002 (0.994 to 1.010) | 0.591 | 0.997 (0.985 to 1.009) | 0.626 | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure (per 1 mmHg) | 0.996 (0.982 to 1.009) | 0.523 | 0.996 (0.977 to 1.015) | 0.672 | ||
| White ethnicity | 846 | 627 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Non-white ethnicity | 14 | 9 | 0.632 (0.209 to 1.905) | 0.415 | 0.897 (0.266 to 3.019) | 0.860 |
| Waist: hip ratio | 55.6 (10.0 to 308.3) | <0.0001 | 5.378 (0.402 to 72.021) | 0.204 | ||
| eGFR (per 1 mg/min/1.73m2) | 0.979 (0.971 to 0.988) | <0.0001 | 0.988 (0.978 to 0.997) | 0.010 | ||
| Urinary tract infection (Previous diagnosis compared with never diagnosed) | 0.728 (0.536 to 0.989) | 0.042 | 0.754 (0.528 to 1.079) | 0.123 |