Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of the Chinese Study Sample Aged 55 Years and Older, Overall and by Immigrant Status, Honolulu, HI, 2018.
| Total Sample | Foreign-Born | U.S.-Born | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Valid N | Mean, % (SD) | Valid N | Mean, % (SD) | Valid N | Mean, % (SD) |
| Self-rated oral health | 420 | 2.42 (0.90) | 306 | 2.21 (0.81) | 114 | 2.99*** (0.89) |
| Oral health problems | 420 | 11.66 (2.62) | 306 | 11.13 (2.70) | 114 | 13.06*** (1.78) |
| U.S.-born | 420 | 27.14% | ||||
| Resilience | 414 | 2.78 (0.71) | 302 | 2.70 (0.75) | 112 | 3.02*** (0.52) |
| Age (years) | 420 | 73.55 (9.93) | 306 | 72.32 (9.30) | 114 | 76.86*** (10.82) |
| Female | 414 | 59.42% | 302 | 58.61% | 112 | 61.6% |
| Married | 411 | 69.83% | 297 | 73.74% | 114 | 59.6%** |
| Education (years) | 412 | 11.63 (4.99) | 298 | 10.01 (4.57) | 114 | 15.84*** (3.30) |
| Some financial strain | 415 | 21.21% | 301 | 26.58% | 114 | 7.0%*** |
| Self-rated health (excellent/good health) | 415 | 62.41% | 301 | 53.82% | 114 | 85.1%*** |
| Any chronic disease | 420 | 70.95% | 306 | 66.01% | 114 | 84.2%*** |
| Dental visit last year | 405 | 65.19% | 292 | 56.16% | 113 | 88.5%*** |
| Significant tooth loss | 363 | 30.03% | 255 | 36.08% | 108 | 15.7%*** |
| Smoke | 415 | 4.10% | 303 | 4.62% | 112 | 2.68% |
| Eat fruit daily | 414 | 53.62% | 300 | 57.33% | 114 | 43.86%* |
| Eat vegetable daily | 414 | 61.35% | 300 | 67.67% | 114 | 44.74%*** |
| Friend support | 400 | 6.43 (1.90) | 293 | 6.48 (1.78) | 107 | 6.30 (2.18) |
| Family support | 407 | 6.49 (2.02) | 298 | 6.45 (1.88) | 109 | 6.60 (2.38) |
Note. SD standard deviation.
†
p < .1.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.