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. 2021 Jan 15;7(3):eaba9428. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba9428

Fig. 1. Laboratory emissivity data obtained at 440°C sample temperature (solid lines) compared to multispectral data from the Venera 9 and 10 landers [reflectance converted to emissivity with associated error bars digitized from figure 8 of Ekonomov et al. (18)].

Fig. 1

Dashed lines indicate particles with ranges of grain sizes: 700 to 1000 μm (long dashes), >500 μm (medium dash), and 250 to 500 μm (dots). This is the first direct spectral confirmation that Venera 9 and 10 landed on basaltic material. The inset shows images of the landing site obtained by the Panoramic Telephotometer [Venera 9–NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive (NSSDC) dataset ID (photo): 75-050D-01A; Venera 10–NSSDC dataset ID (photo): 75-054D-01A]. The spectra were obtained in both cases on the opposite side of the lander.