Table 2.

18F-FDG-PET findings in the whole group vs. 32 healthy controls with the SPM approach, at the acute phase, 1 month later and 6 months after COVID-19 onset

Location (BA)	Coordinates MNI (mm)			Cluster size	Voxel level
	x	y	z	kE	P corr	P uncorr	T score
Baseline
Patients (n = 7) < controls
Right insula (BA47)	48	16	− 4	3832	< 0.001	< 0.001	8.8
Left frontal medial gyrus (BA10)	− 4	56	8	939	< 0.001	< 0.001	8.3
Left insula (BA47)	− 34	22	− 6	566	< 0.001	< 0.001	8.2
Right rectus gyrus (BA11)	11	24	− 26	303	< 0.001	< 0.001	7.1
Right middle temporal gyrus (BA21)	68	− 16	− 18	135	< 0.001	< 0.001	6.8
Right middle cingulate (BA32)	− 4	30	34	107	< 0.001	< 0.001	6.5
Patients (n = 7) > controls
Right pons*	12	− 32	− 34	138	> 0.05	0.002	3.0
Left pons*	− 14	− 42	− 42	65	> 0.05	0.003	2.9
Early assessment
Patients (n = 7) < controls
Right insula (BA47)	48	17	− 4	1883	< 0.001	< 0.001	7.1
Left temporal sup gyrus (BA38)	− 40	11	− 16	964	0.01	< 0.001	6.6
Right olfactory gyrus (BA25)	4	15	− 16	2430	0.002	< 0.001	6.2
Right cerebellum	40	− 50	− 46	304	< 0.001	0.002	5.9
Right middle frontal gyrus (BA10)	46	52	0	408	0.005	< 0.001	4.9
Patients (n = 7) > controls
Right pons*	12	− 25	− 37	116	> 0.05	0.001	3.5
Late assessment
Patients (n = 7) < controls
Right insula (BA47)	46	14	− 2	610	0.001	< 0.001	5.2
Right cerebellum	42	− 50	− 46	220	0.09	< 0.001	5.0
Right olfactory gyrus (BA25)	4	13	− 16	110	0.09	< 0.001	4.8

MNI coordinates are expressed in mm relative to the anterior commissure. Statistical maps were threshold for significance at p < 0.05 corrected using the FWE (family-wise error) method with a cluster extent of 100 voxels. Results displayed with p values < 0.05 uncorrected are indicated with *. BA, Brodmann area; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute space; k_E, cluster size in number of voxels