Figure 2.

(a) Structure of SARS-CoV-2 illustrating the various structural proteins (S, M, E and N). (b) Stages of SARS-CoV-2 replication in host cells. The S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 enable attachment to host ACE2 receptors. The M proteins are essential in shaping of the virions, influencing membrane curvature, and attachment to the nucleocapsid. The E protein is responsible for virus assembly and release, as well as pathogenesis. The N proteins are repressors of RNA interference and antagonist of interferon. The N proteins attaches to nsp3 proteins to connect the genome to the replication‐transcription complex. They also transform the encapsidated genome into virions.