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. 2021 Jan 19;131(2):e141837. doi: 10.1172/JCI141837

Figure 4. Role of SNP-carrying candidate genes in murine cardiac development.

Figure 4

(A) Schedule of differentiation of murine ESCs. (B) Relative gene expression of Macrod2, Gosr2, Wnt3, and Msx1 in GFP-negative cells and GFP-positive CPCs (n = 4 each). Data represent the mean ± SEM. (C) Schematic representation of the enrichment of murine CPCs and postnatal CMs. (D) Heatmap of genes differentially expressed in embryonic CPCs and adult CMs. (E) Expression of Macrod1, Wnt3, and Leprel1 in E9–E11 CPCs (n = 4), newborn CMs (n = 3), and adult CMs (n = 3). Data represent the mean ± SEM. ND, no expression detected. (F–H) Results of GSEA of 1649 genes overlapping between CHD-associated SNP-carrying genes and genes upregulated in CPCs according to (F) significance of GO terms, (G) coverage of GO terms, and (H) second-level GO terms showing molecular functions. *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001, by unpaired, 2-tailed Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney rank-sum test (B) and 1-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test (E), correcting for multiple testing using the Holm-Sidak method.