Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the propensity score-matched cohort.
| Characteristic | Baseline Statin Users | Baseline Nonusers | Standardized Differencea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occasional Users | Intermittent Users | Regular Users | Total | |||
| No. of participants | 16085 | 11360 | 30820 | 58265 | 58265 | |
| 10-y CVD risk | 0.000 | |||||
| ≥10.0%, no. (%) | 9066 (56.4%) | 6118 (53.9%) | 14115 (45.8%) | 29299 (50.3%) | 29299 (50.3%) | |
| 5.0–9.9%, no. (%) | 3646 (22.7%) | 2643 (23.3%) | 7807 (25.3%) | 14096 (24.2%) | 14096 (24.2%) | |
| <5.0%, no. (%) | 3373 (21.0%) | 2599 (22.9%) | 8898 (28.9%) | 14870 (25.5%) | 14870 (25.5%) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 58.2 (9.1) | 58.9 (8.9) | 59.9 (9.0) | 59.2 (9.0) | 59.1 (9.0) | 0.014 |
| Male, no. (%) | 7439 (46.2%) | 4805 (42.3%) | 14015 (45.5%) | 26259 (45.1%) | 26774 (46.0%) | 0.018 |
| Family history of CVD, no. (%) | 1642 (10.2%) | 1165 (10.3%) | 3503 (11.4%) | 6310 (10.8%) | 5918 (10.2%) | 0.022 |
| Income level, no. (%) | 0.026 | |||||
| High | 3613 (22.5%) | 2509 (22.1%) | 7109 (23.1%) | 13231 (22.7%) | 12764 (21.9%) | |
| Middle | 6241 (38.8%) | 4300 (37.9%) | 11809 (38.3%) | 22350 (38.4%) | 22309 (38.3%) | |
| Low | 6231 (38.7%) | 4551 (40.1%) | 11902 (38.6%) | 22684 (38.9%) | 23192 (39.8%) | |
| Antihypertensive use, no. (%) | 0.021 | |||||
| Never use | 8627 (53.6%) | 5084 (44.8%) | 8925 (29.0%) | 22636 (38.9%) | 21970 (37.7%) | |
| Irregular use | 1071 (6.7%) | 576 (5.1%) | 558 (1.8%) | 2205 (3.8%) | 2220 (3.8%) | |
| Regular use | 6387 (39.7%) | 5700 (50.2%) | 21337 (69.2%) | 33424 (57.4%) | 34075 (58.5%) | |
| Antidiabetic use, no. (%) | 0.024 | |||||
| Never use | 13525 (84.1%) | 8908 (78.4%) | 21800 (70.7%) | 44233 (75.9%) | 44975 (77.2%) | |
| Irregular use | 358 (2.2%) | 191 (1.7%) | 170 (0.6%) | 719 (1.2%) | 718 (1.2%) | |
| Regular use | 2202 (13.7%) | 2261 (19.9%) | 8850 (28.7%) | 13313 (22.8%) | 12572 (21.6%) | |
| Physical exercise, no. (%) | 0.038 | |||||
| <1 day/week | 5430 (33.8%) | 3832 (33.7%) | 10659 (34.6%) | 19921 (34.2%) | 20143 (34.6%) | |
| 1–2 days/week | 6035 (37.5%) | 4034 (35.5%) | 10954 (35.5%) | 21023 (36.1%) | 21124 (36.3%) | |
| 3–4 days/week | 3289 (20.4%) | 2461 (21.7%) | 6531 (21.2%) | 12281 (21.1%) | 12100 (20.8%) | |
| ≥5 days/week | 1331 (8.3%) | 1033 (9.1%) | 2676 (8.7%) | 5040 (8.7%) | 4898 (8.4%) | |
| Smoking, no. (%) | 0.080 | |||||
| Never smoked | 10634 (66.1%) | 7781 (68.5%) | 20404 (66.2%) | 38819 (66.6%) | 37856 (65.0%) | |
| Former smoker | 2724 (16.9%) | 1800 (15.8%) | 5454 (17.7%) | 9978 (17.1%) | 9609 (16.5%) | |
| Current smoker | 2727 (17.0%) | 1779 (15.7%) | 4962 (16.1%) | 9468 (16.2%) | 10800 (18.5%) | |
| Alcohol consumption, no. (%) | 0.045 | |||||
| <0.1 drinks/day | 9045 (56.2%) | 6604 (58.1%) | 17633 (57.2%) | 33282 (57.1%) | 32958 (56.6%) | |
| 0.1–0.4 drinks/day | 1957 (12.2%) | 1359 (12.0%) | 3468 (11.3%) | 6784 (11.6%) | 6572 (11.3%) | |
| 0.5–1.4 drinks/day | 2109 (13.1%) | 1451 (12.8%) | 4095 (13.3%) | 7655 (13.1%) | 7622 (13.1%) | |
| 1.5–2.9 drinks/day | 1565 (9.7%) | 1019 (9.0%) | 2964 (9.6%) | 5548 (9.5%) | 5801 (10.0%) | |
| ≥3.0 drinks/day. | 1409 (8.8%) | 927 (8.2%) | 2660 (8.6%) | 4996 (8.6%) | 5312 (9.1%) | |
| Proteinuria, no. (%) | 1089 (6.8%) | 903 (7.9%) | 2831 (9.2%) | 4823 (8.3%) | 6119 (10.5%) | 0.076 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 24.7 (2.9) | 24.8 (2.9) | 25.2 (3.0) | 25.0 (2.9) | 24.9 (2.9) | 0.002 |
| SBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 126.7 (12.6) | 127.7 (12.8) | 129.6 (12.6) | 128.5 (12.7) | 128.8 (12.6) | 0.025 |
| FBG, mean (SD), mmol/l | 5.78 (1.50) | 5.93 (1.64) | 6.14 (1.73) | 6.00 (1.66) | 6.03 (1.71) | 0.025 |
| Untreated total cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/l | 5.81 (0.85) | 5.89 (0.91) | 5.71 (0.89) | 5.77 (0.89) | 5.65 (0.85) | 0.137 |
| HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/l | 1.39 (0.31) | 1.41 (0.31) | 1.39 (0.30) | 1.40 (0.31) | 1.39 (0.31) | 0.033 |
| eGFR, mean (SD) ml/min/1.73 m2 | 83.5 (14.2) | 83.0 (14.2) | 82.1 (14.7) | 82.7 (14.5) | 82.7 (14.4) | 0.001 |
a The standardized differences were calculated to assess post-match balance in the baseline covariates between baseline statin users and nonusers.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG, fasting blood glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure.