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. 2021 Jan 15;11:1483. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79339-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dynamics between apoptosis and autophagy in 3-NPA treated N27 cells. BECN1, a key molecule in autophagy that balances autophagy and apoptosis was up-regulated (A,B, corresponding complete blot in supplementary Figure 16i) in 3-NPA treatment. Apoptotic markers BCL2 and CASP3 were down-regulated (A,B, corresponding complete blots in supplementary Figure 17i and vii) whereas CASP9 was slightly lowered but not statistically significant in 3-NPA treated cells (n = 3 trials per experiment; *p < 0.05). In case of CASP3, along with lowered pro-caspase levels in 3-NPA, the active form was also not generated. (C) Representative confocal images of control and 3-NPA treated cells stained with BCL2 and BECN1 vs. control (n = 3 coverslips per group). Dose (0–4 mM) (D–G, corresponding complete blots in supplementary Figure 16ii (BECN1), 17ii (BCL2) and iv (p62)) and time (0–48 h) (H–K, corresponding complete blots in supplementary Figures 16iv (BECN1), 17iii (BCL2) and vi (p62)) dependence of autophagic and apoptotic markers are shown in 3-NPA vs. control samples (n = 2 trials per experiment; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). The western data for all the proteins in this figure are from independent blots. All blots were cut to retain only the region depicting the protein of interest.