Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
D&H Granger non-causality.
| Independent Variable | W-bar | Z-bar |
|---|---|---|
| BIOCAPit ≠> GDP_PCit | 3.3492∗∗∗ | 3.7144 |
| EFPCit ≠> GDP_PCit | 4.0387∗∗∗ | 4.8046 |
| EUSEit ≠> GDP_PCit | 3.3726∗∗∗ | 3.7514 |
| FDIit ≠> GDP_PCit | 2.1013∗ | 1.7413 |
| GINIit ≠> GDP_PCit | 2.2703∗∗ | 1.9134 |
| HDIit ≠> GDP_PCit | 5.3873∗∗∗ | 6.9370 |
| TOit ≠> GDP_PCit | 2.3868∗∗ | 2.1927 |
Note: ‘∗’, ‘∗∗’, ‘∗∗∗’ signify 90%, 95% and 99% level of statistical significance, respectively. The symbol ≠> represents ‘does not homogeneously cause’.
