. 2020 Oct 6;99(12):6606–6618. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.082

Table 6.

The addition of chlorogenic acid improved the antioxidant capacity affected by Clostridium perfringens type A infection in 17-and 21-day-old SPF chickens.

Interaction	Treatments	Total antioxidant capacity (mmol/L)	Superoxide dismutase (U/mL)	Glutathione peroxidase (μmol/L)	Malondialdehyde (nmol/mL)
Day 17	Control	6.56^d	67.44^c	1,024.90^d	18.15^d
	CP	3.32^e	59.31^d	800.29^e	28.22^a
	CA	10.77^b	78.56^a	1,319.53^b	12.69^e
	CA + CP	7.44^d	69.88^b,c	1,191.34^c	16.81^d
	AB	6.60^d	66.42^c,d	1,017.16^d	18.70^c,d
	AB + CP	6.36^d	66.77^c	1,049.87^d	18.37^d
Day 21	Control	9.83^b,c	66.91^c	1,140.70^c,d	23.63^b
	CP	1.66^f	59.15^d	570.73^f	30.06^a
	CA	19.20^a	79.46^a	1,533.56^a	13.80^e
	CA + CP	9.68^b,c	73.60^b	1,351.62^b	21.01^c
	AB	9.74^b,c	64.16^c,d	1,083.82^c,d	23.50^b
	AB + CP	8.96^c	61.90^d	1,040.70^d	25.77^b
SEM		0.472	1.642	39.716	0.825
Stage
Day 17		6.84^b	68.06	1,067.18^b	18.82^b
Day 21		9.84^a	67.53	1,120.19^a	22.96^a
SEM		0.193	0.670	16.214	0.337
Treatments
Control		8.20^b	67.18^c	1,082.80^c	20.89^b
CP		2.49^c	59.23^d	685.51^d	29.14^a
CA		14.98^a	79.01^a	1,426.54^a	13.24^d
CA + CP		8.56^b	71.74^b	1,271.48^b	18.91^c
AB		8.17^b	65.29^c	1,050.49^c	21.10^b
AB + CP		7.66^b	64.34^c	1,045.28^c	22.07^b
SEM		0.334	1.161	28.083	0.584
P-values
Stage		<0.001	0.577	0.027	<0.001
Treatments		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Stage × Treatments		<0.001	0.196	<0.001	0.005

In the same line, the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P > 0.05), and the different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P < 0.05).

Abbreviations: AB, antibiotic group; AB + CP, antibiotic + C. perfringens group; CA, chlorogenic acid group; CA + CP, chlorogenic acid + C. perfringens group; CP, Clostridium perfringens group; SPF, specific-pathogen-free.