. 2020 Oct 6;99(12):6606–6618. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.082

Table 8.

The addition of CA alleviated the inflammatory response induced by CP type A infection in 17- and 21-day-old SPF chickens by inhibiting the mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-17A, IL-22, and TFN-a in the ileal epithelial cells (as found by RT-qPCR).

Interaction	Treatments	IFN-β	IFN-γ	IL-1	IL-22	IL-17A	TNF-α
Day 17	Control	1.00^e	1.00^e	0.98^f	0.98^d	1.01^c	0.99^e
	CP	2.90^a	2.94^a	1.58^d	2.12^b	2.35^a	1.47^c
	CA	1.01^e	0.99^e	0.97^f	1.00^d	1.02^c	0.98^e
	CA + CP	1.81^d	1.25^d	1.67^c	0.96^d	0.99^c,d	1.07^d
	AB	1.01^e	1.02^e	1.02^f	1.00^d	0.99^c,d	1.01^d,e
	AB + CP	2.10^c	2.10^c	1.85^b	1.36^c	0.94^d	2.03^b
Day 21	Control	1.00^e	0.99^e	0.99^f	1.00^d	1.01^c	1.00^d,e
	CP	2.51^b	2.22^b	2.77^a	2.84^a	2.23^b	2.70^a
	CA	0.99^e	1.02^e	0.98^f	0.96^d	0.98^c,d	0.98^e
	CA + CP	1.06^e	1.01^e	1.12^e	0.99^d	1.00^c,d	1.02^d,e
	AB	0.99^e	0.98^e	0.99^f	0.98^d	1.01^c	1.02^d,e
	AB + CP	1.04^e	1.02^e	1.02^f	1.06^d	1.01^c	0.99^e
SEM		0.036	0.033	0.031	0.048	0.024	0.025
Stage
Day 17		1.64^a	1.55^a	1.34	1.24^b	1.22	1.26
Day 21		1.26^b	1.21^b	1.31	1.30^a	1.21	1.28
SEM		0.015	0.014	0.013	0.019	0.010	0.01
Treatments
Control		1.00^d	1.00^d	0.98^c	0.99^c	1.01^b	1.00^c,d
CP		2.70^a	2.58^a	2.18^a	2.48^a	2.29^a	2.08^a
CA		1.00^d	1.01^d	0.98^c	0.98^c	1.00^b	0.98^d
CA + CP		1.44^c	1.13^c	1.40^b	0.98^c	1.00^b	1.04^c
AB		1.00^d	1.00^d	1.00^c	0.99^c	1.00^b	1.02^c,d
AB + CP		1.57^b	1.56^b	1.44^b	1.21^b	0.98^b	1.51^b
SEM		0.026	0.024	0.022	0.034	0.017	0.018
P-values
Stage		<0.001	<0.001	0.071	0.02	0.474	0.073
Treatments		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Stage × Treatments		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.009	<0.001

In the same line, the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P > 0.05), and the different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P < 0.05).

Abbreviations: AB, antibiotic group; AB + CP, antibiotic + C. perfringens group; CA, chlorogenic acid group; CA + CP, chlorogenic acid + C. perfringens group; CP, Clostridium perfringens group; SPF, specific-pathogen-free.