Table 2.

Comet Assay Results for the Duodenum of Male and Female F344 Rats Given HQ.

Group / Dose	Total comets scored	Males					Females					HCD Min-Max % Tail Intensity [95 % Range]
		Tail Intensity		Tail Moment		Hedgehogs (%)	Tail Intensity		Tail Moment		Hedgehogs (%)
		Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM	Mean	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM	Mean
Vehicle	900	0.78	0.16	0.09	0.02	11.64	1.77	0.59	0.19	0.07	21.90	0.07−9.85 [0.38–5.27]
HQ 105 mg/kg/day	900	0.93	0.15	0.10	0.01	11.10	3.02	0.94	0.36	0.11	22.82
HQ 210 mg/kg/day	900	0.86	0.16	0.10	0.02	11.02	3.26	1.10	0.39	0.14	19.05
HQ 420 mg/kg/day	900	0.88	0.21	0.11	0.03	10.81	2.97	1.02	0.34	0.12	21.40
EMS 150 mg/kg/day	450	14.11**	1.14	1.86	0.17	13.40	11.41***	0.37	1.37	0.08	26.51	2.58−35.10 [5.99−28.59]
Statistics		SR, A					S, A

SEM Standard error of the means.

** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

HCD: Historical Control Data.

Statistics:

S Two-sample t-test (Vehicle vs. EMS).

SR Two-sample t-test (Vehicle vs. EMS), using rank-transformed data.

A ANOVA, Dose Response and Dunnett’s (Vehicle vs. HQ groups).