Table 4.

Comet Assay Results for the Kidneys of Male and Female F344 Rats Given HQ.

Group / Dose	Total comets scored	Males					Females					HCD Min-Max % Tail Intensity [95 % Range]
		Tail Intensity		Tail Moment		Hedgehogs (%)	Tail Intensity		Tail Moment		Hedgehogs (%)
		Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM	Mean	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM	Mean
Vehicle	900	1.94	0.46	0.22	0.05	11.55	1.02	0.23	0.12	0.04	14.50	0.48−6.63 [0.82−6.36]
HQ 105 mg/kg/day	900	1.49	0.29	0.18	0.03	12.10	1.65	0.74	0.18	0.08	17.91
HQ 210 mg/kg/day	900	1.38	0.38	0.17	0.06	11.00	0.63	0.22	0.08	0.03	17.08
HQ 420 mg/kg/day	900	1.67	0.35	0.19	0.04	12.59	0.84	0.27	0.11	0.03	17.24
EMS 150 mg/kg/day	450	22.18***	0.35	3.50	0.07	13.87	18.26**	1.95	2.80	0.39	18.00	10.16−41.90 [NA]
Statistics		S, A					SR, A

SEM Standard error of the means.

**p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

HCD: Historical Control Data.

NA - Not applicable, insufficient datasets to calculate a relevant reference range.

Statistics:

S Two-sample t-test (Vehicle vs. EMS).

SR Two-sample t-test (Vehicle vs. EMS), using rank-transformed data.

A ANOVA, Dose Response and Dunnett’s (Vehicle vs. HQ groups).