TABLE 2.

The assessment of included articles according to TRIPOD^a

Item	Development or validation?	Checklist item	Latorre 2015	Pan 2019	Wang 2011	Zhou 2016	Barry 2018	Cui 2017	Duffy 2018	Miotto 2013	Qi 2012	Zhang 2013	Alipoor 2019	Hu 2019	de Araujo 2019	Chen 2017	Huang 2018	Qian 2018	Huang 2018	Huang 2018
1	Development	Identify the study as developing and/or validating a multivariable prediction model, the target population, and the outcome to be predicted	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
2	Development	Provide a summary of objectives, study design, setting, participants, sample size, predictors, outcome, statistical analysis, results, and conclusions	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
3a	Development	Explain the medical context (including whether diagnostic or prognostic) and rationale for developing or validating the multivariable prediction model, including references to existing models	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
3b	Development	Specify the objectives, including whether the study describes the development or validation of the model, or both	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4a	Development	Describe the study design or source of data (for example, randomized trial, cohort, or registry data), separately for the development and validation data sets, if applicable	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4b	Development	Specify the key study dates, including start of accrual; end of accrual; and, if applicable, end of follow‐up	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
5a	Development	Specify key elements of the study setting (for example, primary care, secondary care, general population) including number and location of centres	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
5b	Development	Describe eligibility criteria for participants	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
5c	Development	Give details of treatments received, if relevant	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
6a	Development	Clearly define the outcome that is predicted by the prediction model, including how and when assessed	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
6b	Development	Report any actions to blind assessment of the outcome to be predicted	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
7a	Development	Clearly define all predictors used in developing the multivariable prediction model, including how and when they were measured	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
7b	Development	Report any actions to blind assessment of predictors for the outcome and other predictors	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
8	Development	Explain how the study size was arrived at.	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
9	Development	Describe how missing data were handled (for example, complete‐case analysis, single imputation, multiple imputation) with details of any imputation method	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
10a	Development	Describe how predictors were handled in the analyses	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
10b	Development	Specify type of model, all model‐building procedures (including any predictor selection), and method for internal validation	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
10c	Validation	For validation, describe how the predictions were calculated	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
10d	Development	Specify all measures used to assess model performance and, if relevant, to compare multiple models	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
10e	Validation	Describe any model updating (for example, recalibration) arising from the validation, if done	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
11	Development	Provide details on how risk groups were created, if done	NAb	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Yes	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	Yes	Yes	Yes
12	Validation	For validation, identify any differences from the development data in setting, eligibility criteria, outcome, and predictors	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
13a	Development	Describe the flow of participants through the study, including the number of participants with and without the outcome and, if applicable, a summary of the follow‐up time. A diagram may be helpful	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
13b	Development	Describe the characteristics of the participants (basic demographics, clinical features, available predictors), including the number of participants with missing data for predictors and outcome	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
13c	Validation	For validation, show a comparison with the development data of the distribution of important variables (demographics, predictors and outcome).	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
14a	Development	Specify the number of participants and outcome events in each analysis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
14b	Development	If done, report the unadjusted association between each candidate predictor and outcome	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
15a	Development	Present the full prediction model to allow predictions for individuals (that is, all regression coefficients, and model intercept or baseline survival at a given time point)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
15b	Development	Explain how to use the prediction model	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
16	Development	Report performance measures (with CIs) for the prediction model	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
17	Validation	If done, report the results from any model updating (that is, model specification, model performance)	NA	NA	NA	Yes	NA	NA	NA	NA	Yes	Yes	NA	Yes	Yes	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
18	Development	Discuss any limitations of the study (such as nonrepresentative sample, few events per predictor, missing data)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
19a	Validation	For validation, discuss the results with reference to performance in the development data, and any other validation data	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
19b	Development	Give an overall interpretation of the results, considering objectives, limitations, results from similar studies, and other relevant evidence	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
20	Development	Discuss the potential clinical use of the model and implications for future research	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
21	Development	Provide information about the availability of supplementary resources, such as study protocol, Web calculator, and data sets	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
22	Development	Give the source of funding and the role of the funders for the present study	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

a: Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis. b: Not applicable.