Fig. 1.

Association between placental mitophagy, reduced melatonin level, inhibition of progesterone synthesis and all-cause fetal growth restriction. All placentae (n = 70) were collected after term delivery. (A) The association between Birth weight and human placental MT level (ng/g). (B–L) According to the birth weight, the placentae were divided into appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) placentae (n = 12 per group). (B) Representative immunoblots of CYP11A1 protein in placentae. (C) Quantification for CYP11A1. (D) Representative immunoblots of HSP60, COX IV and PGC1α proteins in placentae. (E–G) Quantification for HSP60, COX IV and PGC1α. (H) Representative immunoblots of LC3B-I/II and BNIP3 proteins in placentae. (I and J) Quantification for LC3B-I/II and BNIP3. (K) Quantification for yellow dots per cell. (L) Representative immunofluorescent images of AGA or SGA placentae. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. The differences between AGA and SGA were analyzed using Student's t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus AGA group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)