TABLE 1—
Bivariate Analysis of Factors Associated With Individuals With Serious Mental Illness, by Race: 8 US Midwestern Jails, 2017–2018
| Total, No. (%) or Mean ±SD | PoC, No. (%) or Mean ±SD | White, No. (%) or Mean ±SD | P | |
| Total sample | 623 (100) | 248 (39.8) | 375 (60.2) | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Male | 441 (70.8) | 207 (83.5) | 234 (62.4) | < .001 |
| Age, y | 34.08 ±11.631 | 33.40 ±11.722 | 34.36 ±11.492 | .31 |
| Housing insecurity | 317 (52.7) | 110 (46.6) | 207 (56.7) | .015 |
| Metropolitan county | 357 (57.3) | 198 (79.8) | 159 (42.4) | < .001 |
| Behavioral health history | ||||
| Prior MH treatment or current Rx | 351 (56.3) | 112 (45.2) | 239 (63.7) | < .001 |
| CMH client | 244 (52.5) | 87 (46.0) | 157 (56.9) | .021 |
| K6 score | 7.80 (6.621) | 6.22 (6.135) | 8.88 (6.767) | < .001 |
| Positive K6 score | 262 ±42.1 | 83 ±33.5 | 179 ±47.4 | < .001 |
| Substance misuse | 331 (53.9) | 133 (54.5) | 198 (53.5) | .81 |
| COD | 157 (25.2) | 50 (20.2) | 107 (28.5) | .018 |
| Legal history | ||||
| Past y jail | 307 (49.3) | 125 (50.4) | 182 (48.5) | .65 |
| Felony charge | 246 (39.7) | 87 (35.4) | 159 (42.6) | .07 |
| Length of stay, d | 35.93 ±66.472 | 40.30 ±70.208 | 31.44 ±60.918 | .11 |
| Jail-based treatment | ||||
| MH referral | 579 (92.9) | 222 (89.5) | 357 (95.2) | .007 |
| MH treatment | 399 (64.0) | 176 (71.0) | 223 (59.5) | .003 |
| Diversion services | 62 (10.0) | 16 (6.5) | 46 (12.3) | .018 |
| Community-based treatment | 434 (100) | 175 (40.3) | 259 (59.7) | |
| MH treatment engagement | 192 (44.2) | 58 (33.1) | 134 (51.7) | < .001 |
| SUD treatment engagement | 175 (40.3) | 53 (30.3) | 122 (47.1) | < .001 |
| COD treatment engagement | 73 (16.8) | 13 (7.4) | 60 (23.3) | < .001 |
Note. CMH = community mental health; COD = co-occurring disorder; K6 = Kessler-6; MH = mental health; PoC = people of color; Rx = medications; SUD = substance use disorder. Sample size was n = 623.