Table 3.

Factors affecting repetitive measurements of BCVA^a for 1 year

Variable	Beta	P value
		Univariableb	Multivariableb
Male	4.824	0.47
Presence of SRF	-8.378	0.174
Diffuse type DME	-2.128	0.729
Age	-0.594	0.038*	0.011*
HbA1c	-3.842	0.035*	0.164
BUN	-0.583	0.445
Cr	4.354	0.142
TG	-0.011	0.75
Total cholesterol	0.01	0.866
HDL	0.055	0.768
LDL	0.061	0.502
Microaneurysm count	-0.382	0.014*	0.201
IOP increase (> 25 mmHg)	0.212	0.758
Cataract progression	-0.321	0.132
HE areaa	-0.807	0.383
HE1500 areaa	-4.457	< 0.001*	0.004*
CMTa	-0.042	0.001*	< 0.001*

BCVA best corrected visual acuity, Presence of SRF presence of macular subretinal fluid, DME diabetic macular edema, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Cr creatinine, TG triglyceride, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, IOP intraocular pressure, HE hard exudate, HE1500 HE within 1500 µm from the fovea, CMT central macular thickness

*P value less than 0.05

^aBCVA, HE area and HE1500 area indicates the values observed in every visit of all the study participants. Because they were clustered data of the same person, generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used as statistical analysis

^bThe outcome variable was BCVA. The within-subject variable was the visit month. An autoregressive correlation was used as a working correlation