Table III.
Comparison of three groups defined based on PRA and ARR values. Group 1: PRA < 0.65 ng/ml/h and ARR ≥ 18.42 ng/dl/ng/ml/h (N = 51); group 2: PRA ≥ 0.65 ng/ml/h and ARR < 18.42 ng/dl/ng/ml/h (N = 58); group 3: PRA ≥ 0.65 ng/ml/h and ARR ≥ 18.42 ng/dl/ng/ml/h (N = 12)
| Clinical characteristics | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | PANOVA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 51 | 58 | 12 | |
| Age [years] (SD) | 55.4 (11.3) | 51.9 (13.2) | 57.6 (13.7) | 0.26 |
| Sex, male (%) | 23 (45) | 31 (53) | 6 (50) | 0.64 |
| BMI [kg/m2] (SD) | 27.2 (4.7) | 27.2 (4.7) | 26.0 (2.9) | 0.80 |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 (%) | 2 (3.9) | 4 (6.9) | 1 (8.3) | 0.57 |
| Smokers (%) | 11 (21.6) | 12 (20.7) | 2 (16.7) | 0.81 |
| SBP [mm Hg]* | 155.0 (18.5) | 147.1 (20.6) | 153.2 (15.5) | 0.16 |
| DBP [mm Hg]* | 92.8 (9.4) | 90.7 (12.3) | 94.2 (7.7) | 0.60 |
| HR [beats/min]* | 69.3 (8.6) | 75.7 (10.1) | 66.6 (12.2) | 0.017#,^ |
| Sodium [mmol/l] | 139.5 (2.3) | 138.1 (2.5) | 137.0 (1.4) | 0.002#,$ |
| Potassium [mmol/l] | 4.16 (0.31) | 4.18 (0.24) | 4.37 (0.28) | 0.15 |
| PRA [ng/ml/h] | 0.32 (0.15) | 2.26 (2.42) | 1.07 (0.47) | < 0.001#,$ |
| ALDO [ng/dl] | 13.4 (5.4) | 14.9 (6.5) | 20.8 (7.7) | < 0.001$,^ |
| ARR [ng/dl/ng/ml/h] | 39.0 (27.1) | 11.2 (6.4) | 22.8 (9.7) | < 0.001# |
| ABPM: | ||||
| SBP 24 h [mm Hg] | 130.2 (9.3) | 31.3 (9.5) | 132.7 (9.5) | 0.84 |
| DBP 24 h [mm Hg] | 78.8 (7.4) | 81.1 (7.3) | 84.0 (9.6) | 0.28 |
| HR 24 h [beats/min] | 71.6 (8.1) | 76.9 (9.3) | 72.0 (10.6) | 0.002# |
| SBP day [mm Hg] | 128.9 (12.0) | 128.4 (12.4) | 132.6 (12.1) | 0.67 |
| DBP day [mm Hg] | 80.0 (8.2) | 80.6 (9.8) | 85.7 (9.3) | 0.26 |
| HR day [beats/min] | 75.5 (9.4) | 81.4 (10.2) | 74.9 (11.2) | 0.01# |
| SBP night [mm Hg] | 115.3 (11.7) | 112.2 (11.4) | 120.4 (8.7) | 0.11 |
| DBP night [mm Hg] | 68.2 (7.8) | 66.4 (8.8) | 74.0 (10.1) | 0.06 |
| HR night [beats/min] | 64.2 (8.2) | 67.2 (8.1) | 65.1 (9.8) | 0.20 |
| Target organ characteristics: | ||||
| cfPWV [m/s] | 8.2 (1.85) | 8.0 (1.50) | 10.0 (2.3) | 0.02^ |
| cPP[mm Hg] | 48.3 (15.5) | 42.5 (16.9) | 56.0 (21.7) | 0.04^ |
| Creatinine [µmol/l] | 67.2 (12.8) | 65.7 (13.0) | 72.4 (9.0) | 0.33 |
| eGFR [ml/min/1.73 m2] | 95.2 (19.7) | 100.0 (18.4) | 81.1 (12.2) | 0.02^ |
| LVMI [g/m2] | 127.2 (34.7) | 131.0 (34.6) | 130.5 (22.3) | 0.85 |
| IMT [mm] | 0.65 (0.15) | 0.60 (0.15) | 0.69 (0.16) | 0.61 |
Data are expressed as mean (SD) or number of persons (percentage, %).
Mean of two measurements,
p < 0.05 for differences between G1 and G2;
p < 0.05 for differences between G1 and G3;
p < 0.05 for differences between G2 and G3.
PRA – plasma renin activity, ARR – aldosterone to renin ratio, BMI – body mass index, SBP – systolic blood pressure, DBP – diastolic blood pressure, HR – heart rate, ALDO – aldosterone plasma concentration, ABPM – ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, cfPWV – carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, cPP – central pulse pressure, eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVMI – left ventricular mass index, IMT – intima-media thickness in common carotid artery (average value from measurements of near and far walls on both sides).