Table-S1.

Articles (n=5) reported the medication patterns in veterinary practices of Bangladesh.

Author, Year	Title of the article	Type of study	Key findings
Roess et al., 2015 [13]	Household Animal and Human	Original article	• Rural people share houses and water bodies with animal
	Medicine Use and Animal		• Rural peoples seek animal healthcare from unlicensed village doctors rather than formal-sector healthcare providers
	Husbandry Practices in Rural
	Bangladesh: Risk Factors for Emerging Zoonotic disease and antibiotic resistance		•Animal medicines, including antimicrobial drugs are being used extensively in rural households of Bangladesh
Saiful Islam et al.,2016 [24]	Antibiotic Usage Patterns in Selected Broiler Farms of Bangladesh and their Public Health Implications	Research article	•43.8% farmers used antibiotics for therapeutic purpose, 31.5% for prophylaxis and 8.2% for growth promotion • >60% farmers used antibiotics without any prescription
			• Residual antibiotics were detected in 26% of broiler meat
			•Fluoroquinolones (68.4%) were the most commonly detected antibiotics
Khan et al., 2018 [26]	Study on indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry feed and residues in broilers of Mymensingh city in Bangladesh	Research article	• 17.5% of the broiler sellers used antibiotics to prevent unwanted mortality • 32.5% of the sellers depended on feed sellers and 20% on registered veterinarian for antibiotic use
			• The highest percentages of antibiotics used in poultry feed was enrofloxacin (46.67%), followed by ciprofloxacin (30.00%) and amoxicillin (23.33%)
			• 100% broiler liver and 20% breast meat contained antibiotic residues
Ferdous et al., 2019 [25]	Assessing farmers’ perspective on antibiotic usage and management practices in small-scale layer farms of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh	Research article	• 94.16% of farmers used antibiotics without maintaining the withdrawal period • Farmers used ten different types of antibiotics of seven classes
			•Farmers used antibiotics of Watch group (49%), Reserve group (8%) and Las Resort group (73%)
Masud et al., 2020 [23]	Drivers of Antibiotic Use in Poultry Production in Bangladesh: Dependencies and Dynamics of a Patron-Client Relationship	Original research	• Poultry dealers provide credit and information for small-scale poultry farmers to initiate and operate their business •Farmers are obliged to buy poultry feed and medicine from their dealer
			•All farms apply multiple antibiotics to poultry throughout the production cycle, including banned antibiotics like colistin sulfate
			•Dealers are the main influencers on antibiotic use in farms