Figure 2. Procedure of sutureless surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) of a fragment from a harvested subcutaneous tumor, in the liver parenchyma of a nude mouse (Scale bar: 5 mm). A) A 10-mm incision was performed vertically in the midline of the upper abdomen. B) The xiphoid process was removed. C) Exposure of the left lobe of the liver was performed. D) A cavity was made by a 1-mm incision on the liver surface. E) A single 1-mm3 tumor fragment was embedded in the cavity for SOI in the liver parenchyma without suturing. F) After hemostasis was achieved, the liver wasplaced back into the peritoneal cavity, and the abdominal wall and skin were closed.