Table 2.

Summarized phytochemistry of various parts of Withania somnifera

Plant part used	Phytochemicals isolated	Nature of extract	References
Leaves	Anaferine (bis (2-piperidylmethyl) ketone), tropine, isopelletierine, 3α-tigloyloxtropine, pseudotropine, cuscohygrine, 3-tropyltigloate, anahygrine, hygrine, dl-isopelletierine, mesoanaferine, somniferine, choline, hentriacontane, withanine; withananine, withasomnine, visamine, ashwagandhine, and pseudowithanine	Methanolic	[35]
	Withanolide D, N, O, P	Alcoholic	[39,42,57]
	Withanolides	Methanolic	[37-39]
	Withanolides G–M	Alcoholic	[17]
	Withanolide F,T, and U	Alcoholic	[57]
	Withanoside IV, physagulin, and withanoside VI	Butanol	[96]
Leaves and roots	27-hydroxy withanone, 17-hydroxy withaferin A, 17-hydroxy-27-deoxy withaferin A, withaferin A, withanolide D, 27-hydroxy withanolide B, withanolide A, withanone, and 27-deoxywithaferin A	Methanolic	[77]
Roots	Withasomnine	Alcoholic	[33]
	Withanolide A	Alcoholic	[51]
	Pseudotropine, isopelletierine, 3α-tigloyloxtropine tropine, dl-isopelletierine-3-tropyltigloate, cuscohygrine, anaferine, hygrine, anahygrine, somniferine, mesoanaferine, choline, withanine, visamine, withananine, hentriacontane, withasomnine, along with pyrazole derivatives pseudowithanine and ashwagandhine	Methanolic	[53]
	Withasomniferol A, B, and C	Benzene, ethyl acetate	[71]
	β-sitosterol and d-glycoside	Petroleum ether, acetone	[75]
	Withanoside IV and withanoside VI	Butanol	[97]
	Ashwagandhanolide	Methanolic	[100]
	Withanosides I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII	Methanolic	[21]
	Physagulin D and coagulin Q	Methanolic	[101]
Fruits	Linoleic acid, palmitic acid, tetracosanoic acid, elaidic acid, and oleic acid	Oils	[95]
	Withanamides A-I	Methanolic	[98]
Stem bark	Withasomnilide, somniferanolide, somniferawithanolide, withasomniferanolide, and somniwithanolide	Ethanolic	[70]
Whole plant	Withaniol, acylsteryl glucosides, starch, reducing sugars, hantreacotane, ducitol, aspartic acid, proline, tyrosine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, cystine, tryptophan, withaniol, starch, acylsteryl glucosides, hantreacotane, ducitol	Methanolic	[20,21,34]
	6α-chloro-5β,17α-dihydroxywithaferin A 6α-chloro-5β hydroxywithaferin A, (22R)-5β-formyl-6β,27-dihydroxy-1-oxo-4-norwith-24-enolide, withaferin A, 2,3-dihydrowithaferin A, 3-methoxy-2,3-dihydrowithaferin A, 2,3-didehydrosomnifericin, withanone, withanoside IV, and withanoside X	Aqueous, methanolic	[61]
	Withanone and tubacapsenolide F	Aqueous	[54]
	Withasomniferin-A and iso-sominolide, and sominone	Ethanolic	[64,65]
	Viscosalactone B	Alcoholic	[73]
Aerial parts	27-acetoxy-4β,6α-dihydroxy-5β-chloro-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide), along with diepoxy withanolide	Methanolic	[60]