Table 1.
Baseline demographic characteristics of participants
| SPA (n=20) | Control (n=21) | |
| Gender; n (%) | ||
| Male | 12 (60) | 13 (62) |
| Female | 8 (40) | 8 (38) |
| Age (years); mean (SD); median (min, max) | 65.2 (12.2); 64 (43, 82) | 67.7 (8.3); 67 (54, 87) |
| IMD quintile; n (%) | ||
| Quintile 1 (most deprived) | 2 (10) | 0 (0) |
| Quintile 2 | 5 (25) | 5 (24) |
| Quintile 3 | 5 (25) | 7 (33) |
| Quintile 4 | 6 (30) | 6 (29) |
| Quintile 5 (least deprived) | 2 (10) | 3 (14) |
| Ethnic group; n (%) | ||
| White | 20 (100) | 19 (90) |
| Black | 0 (0) | 1 (5) |
| Asian | 0 (0) | 1 (5) |
| Aphasia type: n (%) | ||
| Fluent | 15 (75) | 16 (76) |
| Non-fluent | 5 (25) | 5 (24) |
| Aphasia severity; n (%) | ||
| Mild | 14 (70) | 13 (62) |
| Moderate | 3 (15) | 4 (19) |
| Severe | 3 (15) | 4 (19) |
| Site; n (%) | ||
| Group A | 7 (35) | 7 (33) |
| Group B | 7 (35) | 7 (33) |
| Group C | 6 (30) | 7 (33) |
| Time since stroke (years); mean (SD); median (min, max) | 4.6 (3.8); 3.9 (0.5, 14.7) | 5.6 (6.7); 2.3 (0.3, 21.0)* |
| Time since stroke; n (%) | ||
| Less than 1 year | 2 (10) | 5 (24) |
| 1–2 years | 4 (20) | 3 (14) |
| 2–5 years | 6 (30) | 5 (24) |
| 5–10 years | 6 (30) | 3 (14) |
| More than 10 years | 2 (10) | 5 (24) |
| Other medical problems; n (%) Yes |
16 (80) | 13 (62) |
| Medications; n (%) Yes |
20 (100) | 20 (95) |
| Employed | 2 (10) | 2 (10) |
| Retired | 15 (75) | 19 (90) |
| Participation in group activity | 16 (80) | 18 (86) |
| Simplified Modified Rankin Scale; n (%) | ||
| 0 | 3 (15) | 1 (5) |
| 1 | 2 (10) | 0 (0) |
| 2 | 9 (45) | 5 (24) |
| 3 | 6 (30) | 15 (71) |
| SLT received | ||
| Yes | 17 (85) | 14 (67) |
| Amount of SLT received (hours); mean (SD), median (min, max) | 22.1 (28.4); 7 (0, 104) | 36.0 (74.5); 10 (0, 312) |
*Based on 20 participants; one extreme outlier excluded. With inclusion of this outlier, mean=8.3 years (SD=4.3).
SLT, speech and language therapist; SPA, singing groups for people with aphasia.