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. 2021 Jan 13;9(1):e001787. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001787

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Over-time changes of efficacy endpoints. HbA1c (A), fasting glucose (B), fasting insulin (C), and urinary albumin (D) were determined at baseline and following visits. Changes of these parameters from baseline (mean±SD) were plotted against each visit. Note the patients were excluded from the analysis if they received insulin products and/or GLP-1 or related formulations (group A), and received insulin products, GLP-1 or related formulations, and/or DPP-4 inhibitors (group B). Between-group difference was examined at each visit by two-sample t-test, giving significant p values only for HbA1c as ***p<0.001, ***p<0.001, ***p<0.001, **p=0.001, *p=0.026, and *p=0.027, respectively. Also note that mean HbA1c was 7.58% in group A patients and 7.86% in group B patients at baseline with significant difference (p<0.001 by 2-sample t-test; table 1). DPP, dipeptidyl peptidase; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.