Table 5.
Muscle homology and nomenclature adopted in the present study
| Standardized muscle name | Abbreviation | Lepidosauria (Russell and Bauer, 2008) | Testudines (Walker, 1973) | Crocodilia (Suzuki et al., 2011) | Aves (Vanden Berge and Zweers, 1993) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M. tibialis cranialis | tc | M. extensor digitorum longus | M. extensor digitorum communis | M. extensor digitorum longus | M. tibialis cranialis |
| M. extensor digitorum longus | edl | M. tibialis anterior | M. tibialis anterior | M. tibialis anterior | M. extensor digitorum longus |
| M. peroneus longus | pl | M. peroneus longus | M. peroneus anterior | M. peroneus longus | M. fibularis longus |
| M. peroneus brevis | pb | M. peroneus brevis | M. peroneus posterior | M. peroneus brevis | M. fibularis brevis |
| M. adductor hallucis dorsalis | ahd | M. adductor et extensor hallucis et indicus | M. extensor hallucis proprius | M. adductor hallucis dorsalis | |
| M. extensor digitorum brevis | edb | Mm. extensores digitores breves (2, 3), in part | Mm. extensores digitorum breves | M. extensor digitorum I, II, et III | |
| M. extensor hallucis brevis | ehb | Mm. extensores digitores breves (1) | M. abductor hallucis | M. extensor hallucis brevis | M. extensor hallucis longus |
| M. extensor digiti II | ed2 | Mm. extensores digitores breves (2), in part | Mm. interossei dorsales, in part | M. extensor digiti II | |
| M. extensor digiti III | ed3 | Mm. extensores digitores breves (3), in part | Mm. interossei dorsales, in part | M. extensor digiti III | M. extensor brevis digiti III |
| M. extensor digiti IV | ed4 | Mm. extensores digitores breves (4), in part | Mm. interossei dorsales, in part | M. extensor digiti IV | |
| M. interosseous dorsalis digiti II | id2 | Mm. extensores digitores breves (2), in part | Mm. interossei dorsales, in part | M. interosseous dorsalis digiti II | M. abductor digiti II |
| M. interosseous dorsalis digiti III | id3 | Mm. extensores digitores breves (3), in part | Mm. interossei dorsales, in part | M. interosseous dorsalis digiti III | |
| M. interosseous dorsalis digiti IV | id4 | Mm. extensores digitores breves (4), in part | Mm. interossei dorsales, in part | M. interosseous dorsalis digiti IV | M. extensor brevis digiti IV |
| M. gastrocnemius | gc | M. gastrocnemius | M. gastrocnemius | M. gastrocnemius | M. gastrocnemius |
| M. flexor hallucis longus | fhl | M. flexor digitorum longus (femoral head) | M. flexor digitorum longus, in part | M. flexor digitorum longus |
M. flexor hallucis longus M. flexor perforatus digiti II M. flexor perforatus digiti III M. flexor perforatus digiti IV M. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti II M. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti III |
| M. flexor digitorum longus | fdl | M. flexor digitorum longus (fibular head) | M. flexor digitorum longus, in part | M. flexor hallucis longus |
M. flexor digitorum longus M. plantaris |
| M. pronator profundus | pp | M. pronator profundus | M. pronator profundus | M. pronator profundus | |
| M. fibulocalcaneous | fc | M. abductor digiti quinti | M. fibulocalcaneous | ||
| M. flexor digitorum brevis superficialis | fdbs | M. flexores digitores breves +pfdl. calc. | Plantar aponeurosis | M. flexor digitorum brevis superficialis | |
| M. flexor digitorum brevis profundus | fdbp | pfdl. met. 5 | M. flexor digitorum brevis profundus | ||
| Mm. lumbricales | l | Mm. lumbricales | M. flexor digitorum communis sublimis | Mm. lumbricales | |
| M. lumbricalis profundus | lp | pfdl. ap. | Mm. lumbricales | M. lumbricalis profundus | M. lumbricalis |
| M. flexor hallucis brevis | fhb | M. flexor hallucis | Mm. interossei plantares, in part |
M. flexor hallucis brevis superficialis M. flexor hallucis brevis profundus |
|
| M. adductor digiti V | add5 | M. adductor digiti quinti | |||
| Mm. contrahentes | co | Mm. contrahentes | Mm. interossei plantares, in part |
M. flexor digiti II M. flexor digiti III M. flexor digiti IV |
|
| M. adductor hallucis plantaris | ahp | Mm. interossei plantales (1) | Mm. interossei plantares, in part | M. adductor hallucis plantaris | M. flexor hallucis brevis |
| M. interosseous plantaris digiti II | ip2 |
Mm. interossei dorsales, in part Mm. interossei plantares (2) |
Mm. interossei plantares, in part | M. interosseous plantaris digiti II | M. adductor digiti II |
| M. interosseous plantaris digiti III | ip3 |
Mm. interossei dorsales, in part Mm. interossei plantares (3) |
Mm. interossei plantares, in part | M. interosseous plantaris digiti III | |
| M. abductor digiti IV | abd4 | Mm. extensores digitores breves (5) | Mm. interossei plantares, in part |
M. abductor digiti IV dorsalis M. abductor digiti IV plantaris |
M. abductor digiti IV |
Arabic numerals in parentheses indicate the digits on which each muscle acts.