Table 3.

Classification of pain in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).

Pain condition	Examples
Acute pain
ON-related pain	Retro- or periorbital pain, increased by eye movement. In MOGAD: associated headache possible.
Headache	Cervicogenic-like headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, encephalitis-related headache
Neuropathic pain	Myelitis-related neuropathic pain: dysesthetic extremity pain, neuropathic pruritus, girdle sensation, pelvic pain
Chronic pain
Intermittent neuropathic pain	Lhermitte's sign, trigeminal neuralgia, occipital neuralgia
Permanent neuropathic pain	Dysesthetic extremity pain, neuropathic pruritus, girdle sensation, pelvic pain
Spasticity-related pain	Leg stiffness, muscle cramping in the legs or arms
Painful tonic spasms	Paroxysmal, recurrent muscle spasms in one or more limbs and/or the trunk
Back pain	Multifactorial pathology including nociceptive and neuropathic aspects, e.g., following spasticity