. 2020 Jun 6;76(2):277–285. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa141

Table 3.

Association Between CT-Derived Baseline Paraspinous Skeletal Muscle Area and All-Cause Mortality in 6,803 Men and 4,558 Women, Aged 60–69 Years, From the CT Arm of the National Lung Screening Trial

Skeletal Muscle Area		HR per SD (95% CI)	p-Value
Men (SD = 3.50 cm²)
Model 1	Unadjusted	0.82 (0.76, 0.88)	<.001
Model 2	Adjusted for age, race, pack-years of smoking	0.85 (0.79, 0.92)	<.001
Model 3A	Adjusted for Model 2 and height	0.85 (0.78, 0.91)	<.001
Model 3B	Adjusted for Model 2 and weight	0.85 (0.79, 0.91)	<.001
Model 4A	Adjusted for Model 3A and type 2 diabetes, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer	0.85 (0.79, 0.91)	<.001
Model 4B	Adjusted for Model 3B and type 2 diabetes, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer	0.85 (0.79, 0.92)	<.001
Model 5A	Adjusted for Model 4A and skeletal muscle density	0.83 (0.77, 0.90)	<.001
Model 5B	Adjusted for 4B and skeletal muscle density	0.83 (0.77, 0.90)	<.001
Women (SD = 2.50 cm²)
Model 1	Unadjusted	0.97 (0.86, 1.09)	.564
Model 2	Adjusted for age, race, pack-years of smoking	0.97 (0.86, 1.09)	.620
Model 3A	Adjusted for Model 2 and height	0.98 (0.87, 1.11)	.781
Model 3B	Adjusted for Model 2 and weight	0.97 (0.86, 1.10)	.680
Model 4A	Adjusted for Model 3A and type 2 diabetes, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer	0.97 (0.85, 1.09)	.560
Model 4B	Adjusted for Model 3B and presence of type 2 diabetes, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer	0.97 (0.86, 1.09)	.595
Model 5A	Adjusted for Model 4A and skeletal muscle density	0.96 (0.85, 1.09)	.541
Model 5B	Adjusted for Model 4B and skeletal muscle density	0.97 (0.85, 1.09)	.583

Note: CI = confidence interval; CT = computed tomography; SD = standard deviation; HR = hazard ratio; BMI = body mass index. p-values are calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model.