Figure 3.

Fucoidan activates autophagy in ApoE-/- mice. (a) Detection of autophagosomes in unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques by TEM. Scale bar = 2 μm. (b, c) Representative western blot analysis of the protein expression levels of p62 and LC3 in the carotid arteries. All data are representative of three independent experiments. (d, e) Immunohistochemical analysis of p62 in carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Autophagosomes were indicated by arrows. Scale bar = 50 μm. Data are shown as the mean ± SE (n = 12). ^∗p < 0.05 vs. control; ^#p < 0.05 vs. model.