TABLE 4.
Real-time PCR (mRNA) and Western blot (protein abundance) measurements in 13 each of sex-, age-, and BMI-matched nondiabetic Northern European Americans, nondiabetic Asian Indians, and diabetic Asian Indians
| 1. Nondiabetic European Americans | 2. Nondiabetic Asian Indians | 3. Diabetic Asian Indians | Group P | P for 1 vs. 2 | P for 1 vs. 3 | P for 2 vs. 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mRNA* | |||||||
| PGC1-α | 0.53 ± 0.05 | 0.50 ± 0.04 | 0.48 ± 0.04 | 0.862 | — | — | — |
| TFAM | 1.19 ± 0.16 | 1.18 ± 0.13 | 1.30 ± 0.13 | 0.594 | — | — | — |
| NRF1 | 0.81 ± 0.06 | 0.86 ± 0.11 | 0.07 ± 0.11 | 0.249 | — | — | — |
| ERR-α | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 1.06 ± 0.09 | 0.591 | — | — | — |
| MHC-I | 1.04 ± 0.09 | 1.12 ± 0.09 | 0.92 ± 0.10 | 0.244 | — | — | — |
| MHC-IIa | 1.08 ± 0.08 | 1.03 ± 0.11 | 1.30 ± 0.10 | 0.515 | — | — | — |
| MHC-IIx | 1.36 ± 0.29 | 0.90 ± 0.16 | 1.45 ± 0.20 | 0.113 | — | — | — |
| GLUT-4 | 1.34 ± 0.08 | 1.13 ± 0.05 | 1.06 ± 0.05 | 0.014 | 0.039 | 0.005 | 0.390 |
| Protein abundance† | |||||||
| PGC1-α | 1.60 ± 0.50 | 1.20 ± 0.20 | 2.00 ± 0.50 | 0.304 | — | — | — |
| PGC1-β | 1.30 ± 0.20 | 1.50 ± 0.20 | 1.90 ± 0.30 | 0.308 | — | — | — |
Data are means ± SEM.
*
mRNA measured by real-time PCR normalized to 28 s.
†
Protein abundance measured by Western blot normalized to a loading control. Measurements were log transformed to produce symmetric shaped distributions, and these measurements were analyzed via ANOVA. For all analyses, linear contrasts of the means were constructed to test our a priori hypotheses. Fisher’s restricted least significant differences criterion was used to maintain the a priori type I error rate at 0.05.