Table 1.
Variables | Moderate (n = 10) |
Severe (n = 38) |
Critical (n = 19) |
P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y | 39.5 (36.0–62.5) | 65.0 (57.0–72.3)* | 66 (56.0–70.0)* | 0.001 |
Male | 6 | 19 | 14 | 0.230 |
Days from illness onset to admission, d | 22.5 (14.0–32.0) | 14.0 (10.0–23.0) | 14.0 (10.0–20.0) | 0.153 |
Length of stay, d | 16.5 (10.0–20.3) | 37.0 (19.8–46.3) * | 44.0 (27.0–50.0) * | 0.003 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 4 (40.0) | 16 (42.1) | 12 (63.2) | 0.282 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1 (10.0) | 12 (31.5) | 3 (15.8) | 0.225 |
Malignancy | 1 (10.0) | 2 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.436 |
Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.3) | 1 (5.3) | 0.759 |
Chronic lung disease | 0 (0.0) | 5 (13.2) | 5 (26.3) | 0.150 |
Treatment | ||||
Antibiotics | 9 (90.0) | 28 (73.7) | 18 (94.7) | 0.115 |
Antiviral treatment | 7 (70.0) | 34 (89.5) | 18 (94.7) | 0.137 |
Corticosteroid | 1 (10.0) | 20 (52.6) | 16 (84.2) | 0.001 |
Death | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (21.1) | 0.01 |
Cell counts, per μL | ||||
Total lymphocytes | 2005 (1635–2458) | 1280 (950–1550) * | 800 (510–1050) # * | < 0.001 |
T lymphocytes | 1413 (1236–2010) | 821 (609–1142) * | 639 (443–725) # * | 0.002 |
CD4+ T-cell | 940 (664–1292) | 522 (358–735) * | 377 (302–467) # * | 0.001 |
CD8+ T-cell | 443 (317–647) | 243 (183–394) * | 213 (78–264) * | 0.002 |
B cell | 221 (135–377) | 137 (84–210) * | 97 (45–128) * | 0.001 |
NK-cell | 137 (96–208) | 118 (77–189) | 39 (19–65) # * | 0.001 |
Inflammatory cytokine | ||||
C-reactive protein, mg/L | 3.9 (0.1–15.5) | 10.5 (4.2–25.7) | 40.0 (15.9–58.7)# * | 0.004 |
IL-2 (pg/ml) | 3.6 (3.0–4.2) | 2.9 (2.1–4.0) | 3.0 (2.1–3.8) | 0.339 |
IL-4 (pg/ml) | 2.9 (1.9–3.9) | 3.0 (1.3–3.8) | 2.5 (1.4–3.9) | 0.844 |
IL-6 (pg/ml) | 5.8 (3.4–8.0) | 6.8 (4.3–16.2) | 14.5 (5.7–52.3) * | 0.043 |
IL-10 (pg/ml) | 4.0 (3.1–5.1) | 4.5 (3.0–5.9) | 5.4 (3.4–7.5) * | 0.049 |
TNF-α (pg/ml) | 2.7 (1.7–3.4) | 2.1 (1.6–3.2) | 2.6 (1.7–3.2) | 0.325 |
IFN-γ (pg/ml) | 2.6 (2.3–3.7) | 3.1 (1.4–4.1) | 2.8 (1.5–3.8) | 0.527 |
Values are median (IQR) or n (%). * and # refer to P < 0.05. *Comparison between the moderate group and the severe or critical group. # Comparison between the severe group and the critical group
IL Interleukin; TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor α; IFN-γ Interferon γ