Developmental change in regional mean wiring cost. (A) Maps of regional mean wiring cost for all ages. (B) Regions exhibiting significant change in mean wiring cost over development (Mixed-effect one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). (C) Developmental trajectories of mean wiring cost for the cortex and subcortex. (D) Developmental trajectories of mean wiring cost for cortical systems including the sensory-motor and polymodal association cortices. Significant age-related changes were found for both systems (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). (E) Developmental trajectories of mean wiring cost for subcortical brain systems including the striatum, hippocampus, retrohippocampus, thalamus, pallidum, and hypothalamus. Significant age-related changes were found for the striatum, hippocampus, retrohippocampus, and thalamus (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05), but not the pallidum and hypothalamus (one-way ANOVA, p = 0.97 and 0.12, respectively). Bars: SEM.